
Class T" I ^ e. . 

Rook /Vk^ 



GOWANS' 



BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 



2 



"Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost." 

St. John. 

" There is, perhaps, no nation in which it is so necessary, as in our 
own, to assemble, from time to time, the small tracts and fugitive 
pieces, which are occasionally published ; for, besides the general sub- 
jects of enquiry, which are cultivated by us, in common with every 
other learned nation, our constitution in church and state naturally 
gives birth to a multitude of performances, which would either not have 
been written, or could not have been made publick in any other place." 

S. Johnson. 




NEW YORK: 
WILLIAM GOWAN§! 

I860. ^■" 




i^ 




/ 



TWO YEARS JOURNAL 



NEW YORK, 



AND PART OF ITS 



TEERITOKIES IN AMERICA. 

BY CHARLES WO OLE Y/ A. M. 



^ A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTEODCCTION AND COPIOUS HISTORICAL NOTES 



BY E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, M. D., 



CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW TORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



Fir'd tit the sound, my ;eni'u> spreads her using, 
Andjlies where Britain courts the Western spring; 
Where laws extend that scorn Arcadian pride, 
Jnd brighter streams Ihun/am'd Hydaspis glide. 
There all around the gentlest breezes stray. 
There gentle music melts on ev'ry spray; 
Creation's mildest charms are there combin'd; 
Extremes are only in the master's mind! — Goldsmith, 

For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a soort land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains, and 
depths that spring out of valleys and hills ; a land of wheat and barley, and vines, and fig-trees, and 
pomegranates : a land of oil-olive, and honey ; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, 
thou Shalt not lack anv thing in it ; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest 
dig brass. When thou hast eaten and art lull, then thou shalt bless the Lord tliy God lor the good land 
which he hath given thee Deuterimpmy 8: 7, 8. 




NEW YORK: 
WILLIAM GOWANS 

1860. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1860, by 

W. GOWANS, 

In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the 

Southern District of New York. 



MUNSELL & ROWLAND, PRINTERS, ALBANY, N. T. 






DEDICATED 



THE MEMORY 



DE WITT CLINTON. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publish- 
ing a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biogra- 
phy, antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To 
be entitled 

GOWANS' BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 

The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of re- 
prints from old and scarce works, diflBcult to be procured in this 
country, and often also of very rare occurence in Europe : occa- 
sionally an original work will be introduced into the series, de- 
signed to throw light upon some obscure point of American 
history, or to elucidate the biography of some of the distin- 
guished men of our land. Faithful reprints of every work 
published will be given to the public : nothing will be added, 
except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will be pre- 
sented entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will 
be brought out in the best style, both as to the type, press work 
and paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy 
a place in any gentleman's library. 

A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener, 
if the public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work, 
either an original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and 
at the same time scarce tract. From eight to twelve parts will 
form a handsome octavo volume, which the publisher is well 
assured, will be esteemed entitled to a high rank in every col- 
lection of American history and literature. 

Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collec- 
tion may in the course of no long period of time become not less 
voluminous, and quite as valuable to the student in American 
history, as the celebrated Harleian Miscellany is now to the 
student and lover of British historical antiquities. 

W. GOWANS, Publisher. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The prevalent desirp for authentic information on the 
early history of our country, encourages the publisher to 
endeavor to gratify such taste, by reprinting this curious 
and rare little Book, only three copies of wliich are, as far 
as he is informed, in these States. Though small, it throws 
light on the domestic manners and social habits of the 
people of the city of New York, in the latter part of the 
seventeenth century, not to be derived from larger and 
purely historical works. 

Being curious to know the antecedents of its author, and 
having learned incidentally that he was a graduate of Cam- 
bridge, I addressed the authorities of that University and 
received, in answer, the following polite note, for which I 
beg to return my very sincere acknowledgments. 



rE. i 

!59. S 



" Trinity Coll. Cambridge. 
"13 Oct. 1859. 
" Dear Sir : 

"The vice chancellor this day put into my hands your 
letter of the 24 Sept. 

" I am sorry to say I can give no information as to the 
parentage of Charles Wolley. I have called upon the 
master of Emmanuel College and inspected the admission 
book in his custody. The information is very slight, it is 
as follows : 

2 



10 INTRODUCTION. 

" ' Ch. Wolley of Line, admitted sizar 13 June, 1670.' 
" The admission does not state whether he was born in 
the city of Lincohi or merely in the county : it does not 
mention Ch. W.'s father's name, or his place of education. 
" The matriculation and degree books are in my custody : 

/^ /> ifJ^/C " ^^^^'^®^ Wolley was matricu- 

^^orrLif (//oUecyy latcd a sizar of Emm. Coll. on the 

Handwriting of B. A. degree. 9 ^^iy, 1670. 

" He took the degree of 

r^Q/rtif "Ij/o^^L^ Bachelorof Arts in January, 

\_y // 1673-4, and his degree of 

Handwriting in M. A. degree. MaStCr of ArtS iu July, 1677. 

"I send you tracings of his signature at both his degrees. 
" Yours truly, 

" Joseph Romilly 
" E. B. O'Callaghan, Esq. (Registrary of the Univ^O-" 

The year after he graduated Mr. Wolley came to New 
York. At the period referred to in his Journal, the 
province is described as " poore, unsettled and almost 
without trade;" the city was, "small in size and scanty 
in population; its buildings mostly wood; some few of 
stone and brick ; 10 or 15 ships, of about 100 tons 
burthen each, frequented the port in a year ; four 
of these being New York built." The annual imports 
were vahied at ^£50,000, or $250,000; a trader worth 
$2500 to $5000 was "accompted a good substantial 
merchant; a planter whose moveables Avere valued at 
half that sum was esteemed rich. Ministers were scarce 
and Religions many." * The Church of England ; the 
Reformed Dutch church ; French Calvinists ; Lutherans ; 

*N. Y. Col. Doc. iii., 261. 



INTRODUCTION. 11 



Roman Catholics ; Quakers, both "singing and ranting ;" 
Sabatarians and Anti-sabatarians ; Anabaptists ; Independ- 
ents and Jews, all were represented. In short some of all 
sorts of opinions, and some of none at all, helped in those, 
as in these, days to compose the heterogeneous population 
of the metropolis. 

Fort James was " seated upon a point of the towne, on a 
plot of ground containing about two acres, between Hudson 
River and y^ Sound ; it was a square with stone walls, four 
bastions almost regular, and in it 46 gunns mounted, and 
stores for service accordingly." * The " great house " had 
been covered with Dutch tiles ; but these were removed and 
the roof covered with shingles, " by reason the Tyles were 
usually broken when the gunns were fired." An hospital, 
or officers' quarters, stood in the vicinity, between Stone 
and Bridge streets. 

The garrison of the Fort consisted of 

1 Captain (gov. Andros,) whose pay w^as 8s. stg. per day. 

c r • i. \ Anthy Brockholes / . , 

2 Lieuts. j Christopher Bellop \ P^^>' ^s. per day. 

1 Ensign (Csesar Knapton) pay 3s. 

3 Sergeants @ Is. 6 a day ; 4 Corporals and 2 drummers 
@ Is. a day ; 100 privates @ 8d. per day ; 1 master gunner 
@ 2s. 5 4 matrosses @ Is. ; 1 Chirurgeon @ 2s. ; 1 Store- 
keeper (ai 2s. and " A Chaplaine" (a) 6s. per day. 

The " Chaplaine " here referred to was the Rev. Charles 
WoLLEY ; his salary amounted to jei21. 6s. 8d sterling, or 
about $600 a year, f 

From his Journal we are led to conclude that he was a 
gentleman of learning and observation ,• social of habit 
and charitable in feeling. On his departure from this 

*N. Y. Col. Doc. iii., 260. flbid, 220. 



12 INTRODUCTION. 



country, Sir Edmund Andros bore testimony to his proper 
deportment whilst here, in the following words : 

" A Certificate to Mr. Charles Wolley to goe for 
England in the Hopewell. 

" S"" Edmund Andros Kn* <fec. Whereas Mr. Charles 
Wolley (a Minister of the church of England) came over 
into these parts in the Month of August 1678 and hath 
officiated accordingly as Chaplaine under his Royall High- 
nesse during the time of his abode here, Now upon Applica- 
con for leave to returne for England in order to some pro- 
mocon in the church to which hee is presented, hee having 
liberty to proceede on his voyage. These are to certify the 
above and that the s*^ Mr. Wolley hath in his place com- 
ported himself unblameable in his Life and conversacon. 
In Testimony whereof I have hereunto sett my hand and 
Seale of the province in New York this 15^^ day of July in 
the 32*^^ yeare of his Matyes Raigne. Annoq Dominj 1680. 

" Examined by mee M. N. Seer." * 

Mr. Wolley returned to England in a ship commanded 
by George Heathcote, a Quaker, some particulars of whom 
will be found in Note 47, at the end of this volume. 
He took with him as curiosities, "a Grey squirrel, a Parrot, 
and a Raccoon," and if any desire be felt respecting the 
subsequent fortunes of these favorites, we are pleased to be 
able to say, that the same will be found fully satisfied on 
referring to the pages of the Journal. 

We next find our author at Alford in Lincolnshire. Hoping 
to learn something further of his history, I wrote to the 
Rector of that church, who in return was so obliging as to 
take a great deal of trouble to obtain the requisite informa- 

* N. Y. Gen. Entries, xxxii : 93. 



INTRODUCTION. 13 

tion, and communicated the result in the following let- 
ter : 

" Alford Vicarage ) 

" Lincolnshire, > 
" September 17, 1859. ) 
" Dear Sir : 

" It would have given me great pleasure could I have 
assisted you in your enquiries respecting the Rev. Charles 
WoLLEY, but I am afraid I shall not be able to do so. As 
our registers at Alford begin within five years of the oldest 
in England I thought until your enquiry came to me that 
this parish might hold its head high in such lore. But 
upon searching them I found a great gap including the 
whole time you are enquiring about and extending from 
1657 to 1732. I immediately wrote off to an American gen- 
tleman (one of the Hutchinson famil}') who searched them 
last year ; and this morning his answer arrived but threw 
no light upon the missing portion. In the mean time I 
enquired of the old people who might be supposed familiar 
with traditionary names but met Avith no success. 

" One more source is open to me, the old parochial (not 
ecclesiastical) books which I Avill examine before I close 
this. If this fails me I see not in what way I can be of 
service. 

" I am Dear Sir 

" Yours very truly, 

" George Jeans. 
" E. B. O'Callaghan, Esq^ 

" P. S. Sept. 21. The parish books begin in 1701, but 
there is no mention of the name. There is just a possi- 
bility it may occur in the records of the Governors of the 
Grammar School, which I will examine. 

" Sept. 29. I regret to say I have examined the ar- 



14 INTRODUCTION. 



chives of the Governors of the Grammar School and 
cannot find the name through all the years you gave me. 

G. J." 

Still unwilling to abandon my search until all probable 
sources of information had been exhausted, I applied to the 
Lord Bishop of Lincoln, to whose diocese, it appeared by 
the admission book of Emmanuel College, Mr. Wolley 
belonged, requesting that I might be furnished by his Lord- 
ship's orders, with transcripts of any data the records of 
the diocese might supply on the subject of my enquiry. 
The following is an extract from the answer to that appli- 
cation: 

" The Palace, Lincoln, ? 
" Jan'y 19, 1860. ^ 
" Dear Sir : 

" I have had the Books and Records of this Registry 
searched, but I have been unable to jfind even the Name of 
the Rov. Chas. Wolley, in this Diocese, and am strongly 
inclined to think that he never held a Benefice in it, other- 
wise the Register Books would shew it. From your ob- 
servation, that he was removed "for his unprofitableness," 
I feel quite sure it was not any Benefice ; no beneficed 
Clergyman could be removed from his Benefice on any such 
ground, nor a Curate either, if he objected and had not 
committed any crime. ******* 
Of course you will understand that we have found no 
Record of his Ordination either, and therefore concluded 
it is a mistake altogether. He might be employed tempo- 
rarily as a Curate at Alford, without being licensed, and 
then no record of it would be made. ***** 
" I am Dear Sir 

" Yours faithfully, 

" William Moss." 

" E. B. O'Callaghan, Esq^ 



INTRODUCTION. 15 

The close of Mr. Wolley's career is thus shrouded in 
obscurity. His ministry appears by his own acknowledg- 
ment, not to have abounded in fruit ; for, apologizing both 
for publishing, and for having delayed the publication of, 
his Journal, he says, that he was " taken off, from the 
proper studies and offices of his Function, for his unprofit- 
ableness ;" and therefore concluded, when he could not do 
" what he ought," to do " what he could," and accordingly 
published this Journal. 

It is evident, from various passages in these Reminiscen- 
ces, that his sojourn in this country left a pleasing impres- 
sion on Mr. Wolley's mind. " New York," he says, " is a 
place of as sweet and agreeable air as ever I breathed in. 
and the inhabitants, both English and Dutch, very civil and 
courteous, as I may speak by experience, amongst whom I 
have often wished myself and my family." 

I have endeavored to ascertain whether he carried out 
this wish and returned to this countr}-. The name is found 
in our archives, posterior to the original publication of this 
Journal 3* and Mr. Valentine states that a Charles Wooley 
was admitted a freeman of New York in I702.f Whether 
or not, this was the former Chaplain of Fort James and 
Sojourner at Alford, I must leave to others to determine. 

With a view to throw additional light on some passages 
of the Text, and further to illustrate the Men and Manners 
of Days which have long passed away, and all trace where- 
of is buried in ancient MSS. and dust-covered Tomes, 
Notes, historical and biographical, have been added to the 
Journal. In the preparation of these, every care has been 
taken to consult the best authorities within reach, and to 



*N. Y. Doc. Hist, i., 622; N. Y. Col. Doc, iv : 934. 
t Valentine's Hist, of the City of New York, 377. 



16 



INTRODUCTION. 



state the authority consulted, in order that every one may 
have the means of reexamining the points selected for 
illustration, if he feel so inclined. It is to be hoped that 
the pains and labor thus bestowed, will prove of profit to 
others and merit general approbation. 



A two Years 



JOURNAL 



IN 



New-York: 

And part of its < 

TERRITORIES 



IN 



AMERICA. 



By C. W. A. M. 



LONDON, 

Printed for John Wyat, at the Roje in St. PauV s Church- 
Yard : and Eben T'racy, at the three Bibles on Lon- 
don-Bridge. MDCCI. 



TO THE READER. 



The materials of this Journal have laid by me 
several years expecting that some Landlooper or 
other in those parts would have done it more 
methodically, hut neither hearing nor reading of 
any such as yet, and I being taken off from the 
proper Studies and Offices of my Function, for 
my unprofitableness, I concluded, that when I 
could not do what I ought, I ought to do what I 
could, which I shall further endeavour in a second 
Part : in the mean while, adieu. 



TWO YEARS JOURNAL 



NEW YORK, &c 



In the year 1678, May the 27, we set sail from 
old England for New-York in America, in the 
Merchants Ship called the Blossom, Richard Mar- 
tain of New-England Master. (See Note 1.) We 
had on board Sir Edmund Andros, (see Note 2,) 
Governor of New-York, Merchants and Factors, 
Mr. William Pinhorne, (see Note 3,) Mr. James 
Graham, (see Note 4,) Mr. John White, Mr. John 
West (see Note 5,) and others ; the 7th of August 
following we arriv'dsafe atNew-Y'ork. 

The City of New- York, by Dr. Heylin (see 
Note 6,) and other Cosmographers, is call'd New- 
Amsterdam, and the Country New-Netherlands, 
being first inhabited by a Colony of Dutch; but 
as first discover'd by the English it was claim'd 
to the Crown of England by Colonel Nichols, 
in the year 1665, (see Note 7,) then sent over 
Governor; to whom it was surrendred by the 
Dutch upon Articles ; it being a fundamental 
Point consented unto by all Nations, That the first 
discovery of a Country inhabited by Infidels, gives 
a right and Dominion of that Country to the Prince 
in whose Service and Employment the discoverers 



22 A TWO years' 

were sent ; thus the Spaniard claims the West- 
Indies ; the Portugals Brasile ; and thus the Eng- 
lisii those Northern parts of Amejica ; (see Note 8,) 
for Sebastian Cabot (see Note 9,) employed by K. 
Hen. 7th, was the first discoverer of those parts, 
and in his name took Possession, which his Royal 
Successors have held and continu'd ever since: 
Therefore they are of the Crown of England, and 
as such they are accounted by that excellent Law- 
yer Sir John Vaughan: (see Note 10,) So this par- 
ticular Province being granted to his then Royal- 
Highness the D. of York, by Letters Patents from 
King Charles the II. was from his title and 
Propriety call'd New- York. 

The Fort and Garrison of this place lieth in the 
degree of 40th and 20 minutes of northern Lati- 
tude, (see Note 11,) as was observ'd and taken by 
Mr. Andrew Norwood, Son of the Famous Mathe- 
matician of that name, (see Note 12,) and by Mr. 
Philip Wells, (see Note 13,) and Van Cortland 
Junior, Robert Rider and Jacobus Stephens, the 
seventh of July 1679, with whom I was well ac- 
quainted, and at that time present with them. 

The Temperature of the Climate, 

By the Latitude above observ'd, New- York lieth 
10 Degrees more to the Southward than Old Eng- 
land ; by which difference according to Philosophy 
it should be the hotter Climate, but on tlie con- 
trary, to speak feelingly, I found it in the Winter 
Season rather colder for the most part: the rea- 
son of which may be the same with that which 

102 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 23 

Sir Henry Wotton (see Note 14,) gives for the 
coldness of Venice, as he observ'd from the ex- 
perience of fourteen years Embassie, viz. Though 
Venice be seated in the very middle point, be- 
tween the Equinoctial and the northern Pole, 
at 45 degrees precisely, or there abouts, of Lati- 
tude, yet their winters are for the most part 
sharper than ours in England, though about six 
degrees less of Elevation, which he imputed to 
its vicinity or nigh Situation to the chilly tops 
of the Alps, for Winds as well as Waters are 
tainted and infected in their passage. New-York 
in like manner is adjacent to and almost encom- 
pass'd with an hilly, woody Country, full of Lakes 
and great Vallies, which receptacles are the Nurse- 
ries, Forges and Bellows of the Air, which they first 
suck in and contract, then discharge and ventilate 
with a fiercer dilatation. The huge lake of Cana- 
da, which lies to the northward of New- York, is 
supposed to be the most probable place for dispers- 
ing the cold Northwest-winds which alter the 
nature of this Climate, insomuch that a thick 
winter Coat there is commonly called a North- 
western : So that the Consequence which Men 
make in common discourse from the Degree of a 
place to the temper of it, is indeed very deceivable, 
without a due regard to other circumstances ; 
for as I have read in the Piiilosophical Transac- 
tions, the order of the seasons of the year is quite 
inverted under the torrid Zone, for whereas it 
should be then Summer when the Sun is near, 
and Winter when the Sun is farther of; under the 

103 



24 A TWO years' 

torrid Zone it's never less hot than when the Sun 
is nearest ; nor more hot than when the Sun is 
farthest off; so that to the people who live between 
the Equinoctial and the Tropicks, Summer begins 
about Christmas, and their Winter about St. John's 
day, the reason whereof is that when the Sun is 
directly over their heads, it raises abundance of 
Vapours, and draws them so high that they are 
presently converted into water by the coldness of 
the Air ; whence it comes to pass that then it 
rains continually, which does repress the Air ; but 
when the Sun is farther off there falls no more 
Rain, and so the heat becomes insupportable ; but 
besides these Observations and Philosophical Solu- 
tions, give me leave to offer one Consideration to 
the Inhabitants of the Northern parts of England, 
viz. Whether they have not taken notice for the 
several years past of some alteration in the Seasons 
of the year ; that the Winters have been earlier, 
colder and longer, and the Summers shorter than 
formerly within their own memories; for which I 
think I may appeal to the Gardeners. Especially 
as to the fruit of the Vine, no Grapes having come 
to their maturity or perfection in the same Gar- 
dens they used to do : Now to what reasons shall 
we impute these, shall we say in the words of that 
Scribe of the Law, Esdras, The world hath lost his 
youth, and the times begin to wax old, for look how 
much the world shall be weaker through age? Or 
shall we apologize with Dr. Hakewell, (see Note 15,) 
in his Power and Providence in the Government of 
the World ? For my part I humbly submit to the 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 25 

Virtuoso's of Natural and Divine Philosophy ; 
rather than embarass and envelop my self in pry- 
ing within the Curtains of the Primitive Chaos, or 
the Womb of the Creation, or the dark Orb of 
Futurities. 



Of the Air, 

It's a Climate of a Sweet and wholesome breath, 
free from those annoyances which are commonly 
ascribed by Naturalists for the insalubrity of any 
Country, viz. South or South-east Winds, many 
stagnant Waters, lowness ofshoars, inconstancy of 
Weather, and the excessive heat of the Summer ; the 
extremity of which is gently refresh'd, fann'd and 
allay'd by constant breezes from the Sea; it does 
not welcome its Guests and Strangers with the 
seasoning distempers of Fevers and Fluxes, like 
Virginia, Maryland, and other Plantations, nature 
kindly drains and purgeth it by Fontanels and 
Issues of running waters in its irriguous Valleys, 
and shelters it with the umbrella's of all sorts of 
Trees from pernicious Lakes ; which Trees and 
Plants do undoubtedly, tho' insensibly suck in and 
digest into their own growth and composition, 
those subterraneous Particles and Exhalations, 
which otherwise wou'd be attracted by the heat 
of the Sun and so become matter for infectious 
Clouds and malign Atmospheres, and tho we can- 
not rely upon these causes as permanent and con- 
tinuing, for the longer and the more any Country 
is peopled, the more unhealthful it may prove, by 

4 ins 



26 A TWO years' 



reason of Jaques, Dunghills and other excrement- 
itioiis stagnations, which offend and annoy the 
bodies of Men, by incorporating with, and infect- 
ing the circumambient Air, but these inconveni- 
encies can scarce be suppos'd to happen within 
our age, for the very settling and inhabiting a new 
Country, which is commonly done by destroying 
its Wood, and that by Fire (as in those parts I 
describe) does help to purifie and refine the Air ; 
an experiment and remedy formerly us'd in Greece 
and other JNations, in the time of Plague or any 
common infection. To conclude this Chapter, I 
my self, a person seemingly of a weakly Stamen 
and a valetudmary Constitution, was not in the 
least indispos'd in that Climate, during my resid- 
ence there, the space of three years: This account 
and description of the place, I recommend as a 
fair encouragement, to all who are inclined to 
Travel; to which I shall subjoin other inviting 
Advantages and Curiosities in their proper places. 

Of the Inhabitants. And first of the Indians or Natives, 

There are a clan of highflown Religionists, who 
stile the Indians the Populus Terras, and look upon 
them as a reprobate despicable sort of creatures : 
But making the allowances for their invincible 
ignorance, as to a reveal'd Education, I should 
rather call them the Terrae filii : For otherwise I 
see no difference betwixt them and the rest of the 
Noble Animals. They are stately and well pro- 
portioned in Symmetry through the whole Oeco- 



JOURNAL IN NKW YORK, 2T 

nomy of their bodies, so that I cannot say I 
observed any natural deformity in any of them ; 
which probably may be owing to their way of 
nurturing their new born Infants: which is thus, 
as soon as a Woman is delivered, she retires into 
the Wood for a burden or bundle of sticks, which 
she takes upon her back to strengthen her ; the 
Children they Swaddle upon a Board, which they 
hang about their heads, and so carry them for a 
year together, or till they can go, this I had con- 
firm' d to me, by my friend Mr. William Asfordby, 
(see Note 16,) who lived in those parts sixteen 
years, and had for his Neighbour one Harman 
the Indian in Marble-Town, in the County of 
Ulster, formerly called Sopus, (see Note 17,) in 
the Province of New- York, whose Squaw or Wife 
us'd this way to herself and Children: In nursing 
their Children, the Mother abhors that unnatural 
and Costly Pride of suckling them with other 
Breasts, whilst her own are sufficient for that affec- 
tionate service ; their hardiness and facility in 
bringing forth is generally such as neither requires 
the nice attendance of Nursekeepers, nor the art of 
a dextrous Lucina, being more like the Hebrew 
Women than the native iEgyptians, delivered be- 
fore the Midwife can come to them; like that Irish 
Woman of whom Dr. Harvy (see Note 18,) de 
generatione Animalium, Cap. de partu, Page 276, 
reports from the mouth of the Lord Carew, Earl of 
Totness and Lord President of Munster, (see Note 
19,) who though big with Child accompanied her 
Husband in the Camp, marching from place to 

107 



28 A TWO years' 

place, but by reason of a sudden flood which hin- 
dered their Armies march for one hour, the Wo- 
man's pains coming upon her, she withdrew her-self 
to a thicket of Shrubs, and there alone brought forth 
Twins, both which she brought down to the River 
and wash'd both herself and them, wrapping them 
up in a course and Irish Mantle, marches with them 
at her back, the same day barefoot and barelegged 
twelve Miles, without any prejudice to herself or 
them. The next day after, the Lord Deputy Mont- 
joy, (see INote 20,) who at that time commanded the 
Army against the Spaniard, who had besieged Kin- 
sale, with the Lord Carew, stood God-fathers for the 
Children ; but I cannot say of them as it is related 
of the Queen of Navarre, Mother to Henry of 
France, called the Great, who sung a French Song 
in the time of his Birth, seeming to show other 
Women, that it is possible to be brought to bed 
without crying out. 

As to their Stature, most of them are between 
five or six foot high, straight bodied, strongly com- 
posed, in complexion perfect Adamites; of a clay- 
ish colour, the Hair of their Heads generally black, 
lank and long, hanging down. And I have been 
several times amongst them, and could never ob- 
serve any one shap'd either in redundance or de- 
fect, deformed or mishapen. They preserve their 
Skins smooth by anointing them with the Oyl of 
Fishes, the fat of Eagles, and the grease of 
Rackoons, which they hold in the Summer the 
best Antidote to keep their skins from blistering 
by the scorching Sun, their best Armour against 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 29 

the Musketto's; the surest expeller of the hairy 
Excrement, and stopper of the Pores of their 
Bodies against the Winter's cold, their Hair being 
naturally black, they make it more so, by oyling, 
dying and dayly dressing, yet though they be very 
curious about the Hair of their Heads, yet they 
will not endure any upon their Chins, where it no 
sooner grows but they take it out by the Roots, 
counting it a spurious and opprobrious excrement : 
Insomuch, that the Aberginians (see Note 21,) or 
Northern Indians in New-England, call him an 
English-man's Bastard, that hath but the appear- 
ance of a Beard ; so that I leave it to the other 
Sex: 

Judical ex mento noti mente puella maritum. 

Of their Apparel. 

Notwithstanding the heat of parching Summers, 
and the searching cold of piercing Winters, and 
the tempestuous dashings of driving Rains, their 
ordinary habit is a pair of Indian Breeches, like 
Adam's Apron to cover that which modesty com- 
mands to be hid, which is a piece of Cloth about 
a yard and a half long, put between their groins, 
lied with a Snake's Skin about their middle, and 
hanging down with a flap before, many of them 
wear skins about them in fashion of an Irish 
Mantle and of these some be Bears Skins and 
Rackoon Skins sewed or skuered together; but of 
late years, since they trade with the English and 
Dutch, they wear a sort of Blanket, which our 



30 A TWO years' 



Merchants call Duffles, which is their Coat by- 
day and covering by night, I have heard of some 
reasons given why they will not conform to our 
English Apparel, viz. because their Women can- 
not wash them when they are soiled, and their 
means will not reach to buy new, when they have 
done with their old, therefore they had rather go 
as they do, than be lowsie and make their bodies 
more tender by a new acquired habit, but they 
might be easily divested of these reasons, if they 
w^ere brought to live in Houses and fix'd Habita- 
tions, as I shall shew hereafter. Though in their 
habit they seem to be careless and indifferent, yet 
they have an instinct of natural Pride, which ap- 
pears in their circumstantial Ornaments, many of 
them wearing Pendants at their Ears, and Porcu- 
pine-quills through their Noses, impressing upon 
several parts of their bodies Portraictures of Beasts 
and Birds, so that were I to draw their Effigies it 
should be after the pattern of the Ancient Britains, 
called Picts from painting, and Britains from a 
word of their own Language, Breeth, Painting or 
Staining, as Isidore writes, with whom Mr. Camb- 
den (see Note 22,) concurs; though Dr. Skinner 
(see Note 23.) in his Etymologicon Onomasti- 
con, a Bri. honor & Tain fluvius, Insula fluviis 
nobilis : But to leave these Authors in their own 
crictical ingenuity, I shall conclude this Chapter 
with a general Sentiment of such Customs that by 
these variety of Pictures depourtraicted in their 
Bodies; they are either ambitious to illustrate and 
set off their natural Symmetry, or to blazon their 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 31 

Heraldy, which a certain Author calls Macculoso 
Nobilitas : Or else to render them terrible and 
formidable to all Strangers : or if we may conject- 
ure out of that Rabbinical Critick the Oxford Gre- 
gory upon Cain's Thau, that according to the 
natural Magicians and Cabbalists, Adam and the 
rest of mankind in his right, had marks imprinted 
upon them by the finger of God, which marks 
were, pachad and chesed; the first to keep the 
Beasts in awe of Men ; the latter to keep Men in 
love one with another. Whether there be any 
remains of a traditional imitation in the Indian 
World or not, I leave that and other conjectures 
to the Readers diversion. 



Of their Traffick, Money, and Diet. 

They live principally by Hunting, Fishing and 
Fowling. Before the Christians especially the 
Dutch came amongst them they were very dex- 
terous Artists at their Bows, insomuch I have 
heard it aflarm'd that a Boy of seven years old 
would shoot a Bird flying : and since they have 
learn' d the use of Guns, they prove better marks- 
men than others, and more dangerous too (as 
appear'd in the Indian War with New-England.) 
The Skins of all their Beasts, as Bears, Bevers, 
Rackoons, Foxes, Otters ; Musquashes, Skunks, 
Deer and Wolves, they bring upon their backs to 
New- York, and other places of Trade, which they 
barter and exchange for Duffles or Guns, but too 
often for Rum, Brandy and other strong Liquors, 

111 



32 A TWO years' 



of which they are so intemperate lovers, that after 
they have once tasted, they will never forbear, till 
they are inflamed and enraged, even to that de- 
gree, that I have seen Men and their Wives Bil- 
lingsgate it, through the Streets of New-York, as 
if they were metamorphosed into the nature of 
those beasts whose Skins they bartered : It were 
seriously to be wished that the Christians would 
be more sparing in the sale of that Liquor, which 
works such dismal effects upon those who are for 
gratifying their sensual Appetites : Being unac- 
quainted with the comforts of Christian Temper- 
ance, and the elevated Doctrine of Self-denial and 
Mortification. They had better take to their 
primitive Beverage of water, which some Vertuo- 
so's tell us breed no Worms in the Belly nor Mag- 
gots in the Brain. 

Their Money is called Wampam and Sea- want, 
made of a kind of Cockle or Periwinkle-shell, of 
which there is scarce any, but at Oyster-Bay. 
They take the black out of the middle of the shell 
which they value as their Gold ; they make their 
White Wampam or Silver of a kind of a Horn, 
which is beyond Oyster-bay: The meat within 
this horny fish is very good. They fashion both 
sorts like beads, and String them into several 
lengths, but the most usual measure is a Fathom ; 
for when they make any considerable bargain, 
they usually say so many Fathom ; So many black 
or so many white Wampams make a farthing, a 
penny, and so on : which Wampam or Indian 
Money we valued above the Spanish or English 

112 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 33 

Silver in any Payments, because of trading with 
the Indians in their own Coin. (See Note 24.) 
Tile price of Indian Commodities as sold by the 
Cliristian Merchants is as followeth. 

s. d. 

Bevers —00 — 10—3 a Pound. 

The Lapps — GO — 07 — 6 

Minks —00—05—0 

Grey Foxes— 00 — 03—0 

Otters —00—08—0 

Rackoons — 00 — 01 — 5 
Bever is fifteen pence a Skin Custom at New- 
York, four pence at London ; three pence a Skin 
Freight, whicli is after the rate of fifteen Pound a 
Tun. 

The value of other Skins, a Deer Skin 00 — 00 — 6 
a p. A good Bear Skin will give nO — 07 — 0. A 
black Bever-skin is worth a Bever and a half of 
another colour. A black Otter' s-skin, if very good, 
is worth Twenty Shillings. A Fisher' s-skin three 
shillings. A Cat' s-skin half a Crown. A Wolf's- 
skin three shillings. A Musquash or a Muskrat's- 
skin six shillings and ten pence. An Oxe-hide 
three pence a pound wet and six pence dry. Rum 
in Barbados ten pence a Gallon. Molossus three 
pence a pound, and fifty shillings a barrel in win- 
ter, that being the dearest season. Sugar in Bar- 
bados twelve shillings the hundred which contains 
a hundred and twelve pounds ; which at New- 
York yields thirty shillings the bare hundred. In 
Barbados (new Negro's i. e. such as cannot speak 
English) are bought for twelve or fourteen pound 



34 A TWO years' 



a head, but if they can speak English sixteen or 
seventeen pound ; and at New-York, if they are 
grown Men, they give thirty five and thirty or 
forty Pound a head ; (see Note 25,) where by the 
by let me observe that the Indians look upon 
these Negroes or Blacks as an anomalous Issue, 
meer Edomites, hewers of Wood and drawers of 
Water. 

The Price of Provisions : Long Island Wheat 
three shillings a Skipple (a Skipple being three 
parts of a Bushel) Sopus Wheat half a Crown a 
Skipple, Sopus Pease half a Crown a Skipple ; In- 
dian Corn Flower fifteen shillings a hundred, 
Bread 18 a hundred. To Barbados 50s. a Tun 
freight, 4 Hogsheads to a Tun; Pork 3l. the barrel, 
which contains two hundred and 40 pounds, i. e. 
3d. the pound ; Beef 30s. the barrel ; Butter 6d. a 
Pound: amongst Provisions I may reckon To- 
bacco, of which they are obstinate and incessant 
Smoakers, both Indians and Dutch, especially the 
latter, Avhose Diet especially of the boorish sort, 
being Sallets and Bacon, and very often picked 
buttermilk, require the use of that herb to keep 
their phlegm from coagulating and curdling. I 
once saw a pretty instance relating to the power 
of Tobacco, in two Dutchmen riding a race with 
short campaigne Pipes in their mouths, one of 
which being hurrd from his Steed, as soon as he 
gathered himself up again, whip'd to his Pipe, and 
fell a sucking and drawing, regarding neither his 
Horse nor Fall, as if the prize consisted in getting 
that heat which came from his beloved smoke : 

114 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 35 

They never burn their Pipes, but as soon as they 
are out put them into their Pockets, and now and 
tlien wash them. The Indians originally made 
Pipes of Flint, and have some Pipes of Steel ; they 
take the leaves of Tobacco and rub them betwixt 
their hands, and so smoke it; Tobacco is two 
pence halfpenny a pound, a merchantable Hogs- 
head contains four hundred pound neat, i. e. with- 
out the Cask. A Dutch pound contains eighteen 
ounces. Pipe staves are fifty shillings or three 
pound a thousand, they are sent from New-York 
to the Madera Islands and Barbados, the best is 
made of White Oak. Their best Liquors are Fiall, 
Passado, and Madera Wines, the former are sweet- 
ish, the latter a palish Claret, very spritely and 
generous, two shillings a Bottle ; their best Ale is 
made of Wheat Malt, brought from Sopus and 
Albany about threescore Miles from New-York by 
water ; Syder twelve shillings the barrel ; their 
quaffing liquors are Rum-Punch and Brandy-punch, 
not compounded and adulterated as in England, 
but pure water and pure Nants, 

The Indians Diet. 

What they liv'd upon originally is hard to de- 
termine, unless we recur to St. John Baptist's 
extemporary Diet in the Wilderness, for they may 
be pFoperly called iXo^lol, i. e. Inhabitants of the 
Wood, so may be supposed to have had their 
victus parabilis, food that wanted no dressing; but 
stories of the first times being meerly conjectural, 



36 A TWO years' 

I shall only speak what I wrote down from the 
best information. They have a tradition that their 
Corn was at first dropt out of the month of a 
Crow from the Skies; just as Adam de Marisco 
(see Note 26,) was wont to call the Law of 
Nature Helias's Crow, something flying from 
Heaven with Provisions for our needs. They 
dig their ground with a Flint, called in their 
Language tom-a-hea-kan, (see Note 27,) and so 
put five or six grains into a hole the latter end of 
April or beginning of May, their Harvest is in Oc- 
tober, their Corn grows like clusters of Grapes, 
which they pluck or break off" with their hands, 
and lay it up to dry in a thin place, like unto our 
Cribs made of reed ; when its well dryed they 
parch it, as we sprekle Beans and Pease, which is 
both a pleasant and a hearty food, and of a pro- 
digious encrease, even a hundred fold, which is 
suppos'd as the highest degree of fruitfulness, which 
often reminded me of the Marquess of Worcester's 
(see Note 28,) Apophthegm of Christ's Miracle of 
five Loves and two Fishes, viz. that as few grains 
of Corn as will make five Loves being sowed in 
the earth will multiply and increase to such ad- 
vantage as will feed 5000 with Bread, and two 
Fishes will bring forth so many fishes as will 
suffice so many mouths, and because such are so 
ordinary amongst us every day, we take no notice 
of them : this Indian Corn is their constant Via- 
ticum in their travels and War. Their Squaws 
or Wives and Female Sex manage their Harvest, 
whilest the Men Hunt and Fish, and Fowl; of 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 31 

which they bring all varieties to New- York, and 
that so cheap that I remember a Venison bought 
for three shillings; their Rivers are plentifully fur- 
nish'd with fish, as Place, Pearch, Trouts, Eels, 
Bass and Sheepshead, the two last are delicate 
Fish : They have great store of wild-fowl, as 
Turkeys, Heath-hens, Quails, Partridges, Pigeons, 
Cranes, Geese, Brants, Ducks, Widgeon, Teal and 
divers others : And besides their natural Diet, they 
will eat freely with the Christians, as I observed 
once when we were at dinner at the Governor's 
Table, a Sackamaker or King came in with several 
of his Attendants, and upon invitation sat round 
upon the Floor (which is their usual posture) and 
ate of such Meat as was sent from the Table : 
amongst themselves when they are very hungry 
they will eat their Dogs, which are but young 
Wolves stolen from their damms, several of which 
I have seen following them, as our Dogs here, but 
they won't eat of our Dogs because they say we 
feed them with salt meat, which none or but few 
of the Indians love, for they had none before the 
Christians came: so unacquainted were they with 
Acids : They are of opinion that when they have 
ill success in their hunting, fishing, &c. their 
Menitto is the cause of it, therefore when they 
have good success they throw their fat into the 
fire as a Sacrifice ingeminating Kenah Menitto, 
i. e. I thank you Menitto ; their Kin-tau Kauns, 
(see Note 29,) or time of sacrificing is at the 
beginning of winter, because then all things 
are fat, where a great many Sacka-makers or 



38 A TWO years' 

Kings meet together, and Feast; every Nation 
or Tribe has its Ka-kin-do-wet, (see Note 30,) 
or Minister, and every Sacka-maker gives his 
Ka-kin-do-wet 12 fathom of Wampam mixt, and 
all that are able at that time throw down Wam- 
pam upon the ground for the Poor and Fatherless, 
of whom they have a great many. Now I am 
speaking of fishing and fowling it may not be im- 
proper to add some thing about the art of catching 
Whales, which is thus, two Boats with six Men 
in each make a Company, viz. four Oars-men or 
Rowers; an Harpineer and a Steers-man ; about 
Christmas is the season for Whaling, for then the 
Whales come from the North-east, Southerly, and 
continue till the latter end of March, and then 
they return again ; about the Fin is the surest part 
for the Harpineer to strike : As soon as he is 
wounded, he makes all foam, with his rapid vio- 
lent Course, so that if they be not very quick in 
clearing their main Warp to let him run upon the 
tow, which is a line fastned to the Harping-iron 
about 50 fathoms long, its a hundred to one he 
over-sets the Boat : As to the nature of a Whale, 
they copulate as Land-beasts, as is evident from 
the female Teats and Male's Yard, and that they 
Spawn as other Fishes is a vulgar error. Lam. 4. 3. 
even the Sea monsters draw out the breast they 
give suck to their young ones. For further its 
observable that their young Suckers come along 
with them their several courses. A Whale about 
60 foot long having a thick and free Blubber may 
yield or make 40 or 50 barrels of Oyl, every Barrel 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK, 39 

containing 31 or 32 Gallons at 20s. a Barrel, if it 
hath a good large bone it may be half a Tun or a 
Thousand weight, which may give 251. Sterling old 
England Money. A Dubartus is a Fish of the shape 
of a Whale, (see Note 31,) which have teeth where 
the Whale has Bone, there are some 30 or 40 foot 
long, they are call'd by some the Sea-Wolf, of them 
the Whales are afraid, and do many times run 
themselves ashore in flying from them, this is prov'd 
by the Whalers who have seen them seize upon 
them : the Blabber of the Whale will sometimes 
be half a yard thick or deep, if the Blubber be not 
fat and free, the Whale is call'd a Dry-skin; a 
Scrag-tail Whale is like another, only somewhat 
less, and his bone is not good, for it will not split, 
and it is of a mixt colour, their Blubber is as good 
for the quantity as others: I never heard of any 
Spermaceti Whales, either catch'd or driven upon 
these Shores, which Sperma as they call it (in the 
Bahama Islands) lies all over the body of these 
Whales, they have divers Teeth which may be 
about as big as a Man's wrist, which the ordinary 
Whales have not, they are very strong, fierce and 
swift, inlaid with Sinews all over their bodies. 
But to leave this Leviathan to his pastime in the 
deep, let us go a shore, and speak something of the 
nature of a Beaver, in hunting of which the In- 
dians take great pains and pleasure ; the Beaver 
hath two sorts of Hair, one short soft and fine to 
protect him from the cold, the other long and 
thick, to receive the dirt and mire, in which they 
are often busie and employed, and to hinder it 



40 A TWO years' 

from spoiling the skin ; his teeth are of a peculiar 
contexture, fit to cut boughs and sticks, with 
which they build themselves houses, and lodgings 
of several stories and rooms, to breed their young 
ones in : for which purpose nature hath also fur- 
nish' d them with such forefeet as exactly resemble 
the feet of a Monkey, or the .hands of a Man: their 
hind-feet proper for swimming, being like those of 
a Duck or Goose : As to the Castoreum or parts 
conceived to be bitten away to escape the Hunter, 
is a vulgar conceit, more owing to Juvenal and 
other poetical fancies than to any traditional truth, 
or the Etymologies of some bad Gramarians, de- 
riving Castore a castrando, whereas the proper 
Latin word is Jiber, and castor, but borrowed from 
the Greek, so called quasi yagio^, i. e. animal ven- 
tricosum, from his swaggy and prominent belly : 
the particular account of which is in Dr. Brown's 
(see Note 32,) Vulgar Errors : but to be short, the 
bladders containing the Castoreum are distinct 
from the Testicles or Stones, and are found in both 
Sexes ; with which when the Indians take any of 
them they anoint their Traps or Gins which they 
set for these Animals, to allure and draw them 
hither. 

As to the nature of Bears, their bringing forth 
their young informous and unshapen, I wholly 
refer you to Doctor Brown's said Vulgar Errors : 
the substance of their legs is of a particular struct- 
ure, of a thick fattish ligament, very good to eat, 
and so the Indians say of their body, which is 
often their diet ; when they hunt them, they com- 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 41 

monly go two or three in company with Guns : for 
in case one shoot and miss the Bear will make 
towards them, so they shoot one after another to 
escape the danger and make their Game sure : 
But without Guns or any Weapon except a good 
Cudgel or Stick. I was one with others that have 
had very good diversion and sport with them, in 
an Orchard of Mr. John Robinson's of New-York; 
(see Note 33), where we follow' d a Bear from Tree to 
Tree, upon which he could swarm like a Cat ; and 
when he was got to his resting place, perch'd upon 
a high branch, we dispatc'd a youth after him with 
a Club to an opposite bough, who knocking his 
Paws, he comes grumbling down backwards with 
a thump upon the ground, so we after him again : 
His descending backwards is a thing particularly 
remarkable : Of which I never read any account, 
nor know not to what defect in its structure to 
impute it: unless to the want of the intestinum 
ccecum, which is the fourth Gut from the Ventricle 
or Stomach, and first of the thick Guts, which by 
reason of its divers infolds and turnings seems to 
have no end, and for that reason perhaps called 
ccecum or blind Gut : which being thick may pro- 
bably detain the meat in the belly, in a descending 
posture : but these conjectures I wholly submit to 
the anatomical faculty : The Indians seems to 
have a great value for these animals, both for their 
skins and carkase-sake, the one good meat, the 
other good barter : And I may infer the same from 
a present which my acquaintance, old Claus the 
Indian, made me of a couple of well grown Bears 



42 A TWO years' 

Cubs, two or three days before I took Shiping for 
England, he thinking I would have brought them 
along with me, which present I accepted with a 
great deal of Ceremony (as we must every thing 
from their hands) and ordered my Negro boy about 
12 years old to tye them under the Crib by my 
Horse, and so left them to any ones acceptance 
upon my going aboard : I brought over with me a 
Grey Squirrel, a Parret and a Rockoon, the first the 
Lady Sherard (see Note 34,) had some years at 
Stapleford, the second, I left at London ; the last I 
brought along with me to Alford, where one Sunday 
in Prayer time some Boys giving it Nutts, it was 
choaked with a shell : It was by nature a very 
curious cleanly Creature, never eating any thing 
but first washed it with its forefeet very carefully : 
the Parot was a pratling familiar bird, and diverting 
company in my solitary intervals upon our Voyage 
home. As I was talking with it upon the Quarter 
Deck, by a sudden rowling of the Ship, down drops 
Pall overboard into the Sea and cry'd out amain 
poor Pall : The Ship being almost becalm'd, a kind 
Seaman threw out a Rope, and Pall seiz'd it with 
his Beak and came safe aboard again : This for 
my own diversion. As the Serpent was the most 
dangerous reptile in Paradise, so is the Rattle 
Snake in the Wilderness. It has its name from 
the configuration of its skin, which consists of 
several foldings which are all contracted dum latet 
in herba, whilst it lies on the grass, or at the root 
of some rotten Tree, from whence it often surprizes 
the unwary traveller, and in throwing himself at 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 43 

his legs : The dilating of these folds occasion a 
rattling. Wherever it penetrates or bites it certainly 
poysons: they are in their greatest vigour in July; 
but the all-wise Providence which hath furnish'd 
every Climate with antidotes proper for their dis- 
tempers and annoyances, has aflbrded great plenty 
of Penny- royal or Ditany, whose leaves bruised 
are very hot and biting upon the Tongue, which 
being tied in a clift of a long stick, and held to the 
nose of a Rattle Snake, will soon kill it by the 
smell and scent thereof; the vertues of this Plant 
are so effectual, that we read by taking of it in- 
wardly, or by outward application and by fume it 
will expell a dead Child. And the juice of it ap- 
plied to wounds made by Sword, or the biting of 
venomous creatures is a present remedy : but be- 
sides this, I shall speak of another way of drawing 
out the poyson of these Creatures, which is by 
sucking of it out with their mouths, which one 
Indian will do for another, or for any Christian so 
poyson' d : A rare example of pure humanity, even 
equal to that of the Lady Elenor, the Wife of 
King Edward the first, who when her Husband 
had three wounds given him with the poysoned 
Knife of Anzazim the Saracen, two in the Arm 
and one near the Arm-pit, which by reason of the 
envenom'd blade were fear'd to be mortal, and 
when no Medicine could extract the poyson, his 
Lady did it with her Tongue, licking dayly while 
her Husband slept, his rankling wounds, whereby 
they perfectly clos'd, and yet her self receiv'd no 
harm, so sovereign a medicine is a good Tongue, 

123 



44 A TWO years' 

beyond the attractive power of Cupping Glasses 
and Cauteries. It were to be wish'd that where 
Penny-royal or Dittany is scarce or unknown, that 
every Country family understood the vertue of 
Rue or Herb-a-grace, which is held as a preserva- 
tive against infectious Diseases, and cures the 
biting of a mad Dog or other venom, which would 
be no invasion upon, or striving with the dispens- 
atory of Festal and Mortar, Still and Furnace ; 
which legal faculties and professions being esta- 
blished and encourag'd by the wise constitutions 
of Governments, should not be interlop'd and un- 
dermin'd by persons of any other faculties, who 
are too apt to add temporal Pluralities to their 
spiritual Cures. Indeed it is a duty owing to hu- 
man nature, to administer to and assist any one 
ill forma pauperis, but to take a fee a reward or 
gratuity from a Naaman or a person able to employ 
the proper faculty, is to act the Gehazi, and not 
the Prophet Elisha ; Miles equis, piscator aquis, an 
hammer for the Smith, an Homer for the School, 
let the Shooe-maker mind his Boot, and the Fish- 
erman his Boat, the Divine his Sermon, and the 
Doctor his Salmon, This digression I hope will 
be taken as it's written with an impartial deference 
to both professions: for as we are taught from 
Jesus the Son of Sirach, to honor the physician for 
his skill, and the Apothecary for his confections, 
Ecclesiasticus chap. 38. 1. 8. so we are taught 
from a greater than he, to honor and revere the 
Doctors of souls, the holy Jesus the Son of God, for 
their Spiritual Cures and Dispensatories: But to 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 45 

return to the Indians, they have Doctors amongst 
them, whom they call Me-ta-ow, (see Note 35,) to 
whom every one gives something for there Cure, 
but if they die nothing at all, and indeed their 
skill in simples costs them nothing, their general 
remedy for all diseases is their sweating : Which 
is thus: when they find themselves any ways in- 
disposed, they make a small Wigwam or House, 
nigh a River-side, out of which in the extremity 
of the Sweat they plunge themselves into the AVa- 
ter ; about which I discoursed with one of their 
Me-ta-ows, and told him of the European way of 
Sweating in Beds, and rubbing our bodies with 
warm cloths: to which he answered he thought 
theirs the more effectual way : because the water 
does immediately stop all the passages (as he call'd 
the Pores) and at the same time wash off' the ex- 
crementitious remainder of the Sweat, which he 
thought could not be so clearly done by friction or 
rubbing; which practice I leave to the consider- 
ation or rather diversion of the Physicians and 
their Balneo's: but this experiment prov'd Epi- 
demical in Small-Pox, by hindering them from 
coming out. As to their way of living, it's very 
rudely and rovingly, shifting from place to place, 
according to their exigencies, and gains of fishing 
and fowling and hunting, never confining their 
rambling humors to any settled Mansions. Their 
Houses which they call Wigwams are as so many 
Tents or Booths covered with the barks of Trees, 
in the midst of which they have their fires, about 
which they sit in the day time, and lie in the 



46 A TWO years' 

nights ; they are so Saturnine that they love ex- 
tremes either to sit still or to be in robustous mo- 
tions, spending their time in drovvsie conferences, 
being naturally unenclin'd to any but lusory pas- 
times and exercises ; their Diet in general is raw- 
Flesh, Fish, Herbs, and Roots or such as the Ele- 
ments produce without the concoction of the fire 
to prepare it for their Stomachs ; so their Horses 
are of a hardy temperament, patient of hunger and 
cold, and in the sharp winter, when the ground is 
cover'd with Snow, nourish themselves with the 
barks of Trees, and such average and herbage as 
they can find at the bottom of the Snow: But now 
I am speaking of Horses, I never could be inform'd 
nor ever did see an Indian to have been on Horse- 
back : Of which there are great ranges runing wild 
in the Woods, to which they pretend no right : but 
leave them to the Dutch and English Chevaliers to 
tame and manage ; for which I often wondered there 
were not cheif Rangers, and a Charta de Foresta 
to regulate such Games. When they travel by 
water, they have small Boats, which they call 
Canoes, made of the barks of Trees, so very nar- 
row, that two can neither sit nor stand a breast, 
and those they row with long paddles, and that so 
swiftly, that they'll skim away from a Boat with 
four Oars, I have taken a particular pleasure in 
plying these paddles, standing upright and steddy, 
which is their usual posture for dispatch : In which 
they bring Oysters and other fish for the Market : 
they are so light and portable that a Man and his 
Squaw will take them upon their Sholders and 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 4*1 

carry them by Land from one River to another, 
with a wonderful eicpedition ; they will venture 
with them in a dangerous Current, even through 
Hell-gate it self, which lies in an arm of the Sea, 
about ten miles from New- York Eastward to 
New-England, as dangerous and as unaccountable 
as the Norway Whirl-pool or Maelstrom : in this 
Hell-gate which is a narrow passage, runneth a 
rapid violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb; 
and in the middle lieth some Islands of Rocks, 
upon which the Current sets so violently, that it 
threatens present Shipwrack ; and upon the Flood 
is a large whirlpool, which sends forth a continual 
hedious roaring; it is a place of great defence 
against an Enemy coming that way, which a 
small Fortification would absolutely prevent, by 
forcing them to come in at the west-end of Long- 
Island by Sandy-Hook, where Nutten-Island would 
force them within the command of the Fort of 
New-York, which is one of the strongest and best 
situated Garrisons in the North parts of America, 
and was never taken but once through the default 
of one Captain Manning, who in absence of the Go- 
vernour suffered the Dutch to take it; for which he 
was condemned to an Exile to a small Island from 
his name, call'd Manning's Island, where I have 
been several times with the said Captain, whose 
entertainment was commonly a Bowl of Rum- 
Punch. (See Note 36.) In deep Snows the Indians 
with broad Shoos much in the shap of the round 
part of our Rackets which we use at Tennis : will 
travel without sinking in the least ; at other times 

127 



48 A TWO years' 

their common ordinaiy Shooes are parts of raw 
Beasts-skins tied aoout tiieir feet : when they tra- 
vel, for directing otliers wlio follow them, they lay 
sticks across, or leave some certain mark on Trees. 
Now I am speaking of the Indian Shooes, I cannot 
forbear acquainting the Reader that I seldom or 
never observ'd the Dutch Women wear any thing 
but Slippers at home and abroad, which often re- 
minded me of what I read in Dr. Hamond (see Note 
37,) upon the 6th of Ephesiaus, N. B. that the ^Egypt- 
ian Virgins were not permitted to wear Shooes, i. e. 
not ready to go abroad : like the custom among 
the Hebrews, whose women were call'd oLxoEig, 
doini portce and oLxu^uaal home-setters and oixaptxal 
house bearers, the Heal hen painted before the mo- 
dest women's doors Venus sitting upon a Snail, 
qum domi porta vocatur, called a House bearer, to 
teach them to stay at home, and to carry their 
Houses about with them. So the Virgins were 
called by the Hebrews Gnalamnth, abscotiditce, 
hid, and the places of their abodes ^apdyivaval, 
cellce Virginales, Virgins Cells. Contrary to these 
are Whores Pro. 7. 11. her feet abide not in her 
house, therefore the Chaldees call her Niphcath- 
fiara going abroad, and an Harlot the Daughter 
of an Harlot, egredienlem filiam egredientis, a goer 
forth, the Daughter of a goer forth ; and when 
Dinah went out to see the Daughters of the Land, 
and was ravish'd by Sichem : Simeon and Levi 
cry out, should he deal with our Sister as with an 
Harlot, which the Targum renders, an sicut exe- 
untem furas : They have another custom differing 



/ 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK, 49 

from other Nations. They feast freely and mer- 
rily at the Funeral of any Friend, to which I have 
been often invited and sometimes a Guest, a cus- 
tom derived from the Gentiles to the latter Jews, 
according to which says Josephus of Archelaus, 
he mourned seven days for his Father, and made 
a sumptuous Funeral Feast for the multitude, and 
he adds that this custom was the impoverishing 
of many Families among the Jews, and that upon 
necessity, for if a Man omitted it, he was accounted 
no pious Man. The Dutch eat and drink very 
plentifully at these Feasts; but I do not remember 
any Musick or Minstrels, or monumentarii c/io- 
raul(E mentioned by Apuleius, or any of the Musick 
mentioned by Ovid de fastis. 

Canlabis mcesiis tibia funeribus. 
So that perhaps it may be in imitation of David's 
example, who as soon as his child was dead, 
wash'd and anointed himself and ate his bread as 
formerly, 2 Sam. 12. 20. In all these Feasts I 
observ'd they sit Men and Women intermixt, and 
not as our English do Women and Men by them- 
selves apart. (See Note 38.) 

Of the Indians Marriages and Burials, 

When an Indian has a mind to a woman (ask- 
ing the consent of Parents) he gives her so many 
Fathom of Wampam according to his ability, then 
his betrothed covers her face for the whole year 
before she is married, which put me in mind of 
Rebekah, who took a veil and covered her self 

7 19Q 



50 A TWO years' 

when she met Isaac, Gen. 24. 65. which veil (saith 
TertuUian de velandis virginibus) was a token of her 
modesty and subjection. The Husband doth not 
lie with his Squaw or Wife, whilst the Child has 
done Sucking, which is commonly two years, for 
they say the Milk will not be good if they get 
Children so fast. They bury their friends sitting 
upon their heels as they usually sit, and they put 
into their graves with them a Kettle, a Bow and 
Arrows, and a Notas or Purse of Wampam ; they 
fancy that after their death they go to the South- 
ward, and so they take their necessaries along 
with them ; or perhaps like the uncircumcis'd in 
Ezek. 32. 27. who went down to the Grave with 
Weapons of War, and laid their Swords under 
their heads, the ensigns of Valor and Honor : as 
tho they would carry their strength to the grave 
with them, contrary to that of the Apostle, it is 
sown a weak body, 1 Cor. 15. They mourn over 
their dead commonly two or three days before 
they bury them: they fence and stockado their 
graves about, visiting them once a year, dressing 
the weeds from them, many times they plant a 
certain Tree by their Graves which keeps green 
all the year : They all believe they shall live as 
they do now, and think they shall marry, but must 
not work as they do here ; they hold their Soul or 
Spirit to be the breath of Man: They have a Tra- 
dition amongst them that about five hundred years 
agoe, a Man call'd (Wach que ow) came down 
from above, upon a Barrel's-head, let down by a 
Rope, and lived amongst them sixty years, who 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 51 

told them he came from an happy place, where 
there were many of their Nations, and so he left 
them. And they have another Tradition of one 
Meco Nish, who had lain as dead sixteen days, all 
which time he was nnburied, because he had a 
little warmth about his breast, and after sixteen 
days he lived again, in which interval he told 
them he had been in a fine place where he saw 
all that had been dead. Such Traditions as these 
ought to be lookt upon by the Professors of Chris- 
tianity, as the Epileptick half moon Doctrine of 
that grand Enthusiast Mahomet, beyond whose 
Tomb hanging in the air his Superstitious Arabians 
are not able to lift their minds to the Kingdom of 
Heaven : So that the Mahometans Tomb and the 
Indians Tub may stand upon the same bottom, as 
to their Credit and Tradition : and the Indians 
after their rising again to the Southward shall 
Marry, Eat and Drink, may plead as fair for them 
as the Mahometans earthly Paradise of Virgins 
with fairer and larger eyes than ever they beheld 
in this world, and such like sensual enjoyments, 
which its even a shame to mention : or the Jews 
worldly Messiah, who ought all to be the dayly 
objects of our Christian prayers and endeavours for 
their Conversion, that they may believe and obtain a 
better Resurrection, even the Necumah (see Note 
39,) the day of Consolation, when we shall be so 
wonderfully changed as to be fit Companions for 
Angels, and reign with our Saviour in his Glory, 
who only hath the words of eternal life. In order 
to which I shall endeavour to offer some proposals 



52 A TWO years' 



in a Second Part, de propaganda Jide ; and so con- 
clude this with some mixt occasional observations, 
with all due respects to some modern Criticks : 
Whether Adam or Eve sewed their fig-leave to- 
gether with needle and thread is not my business 
to be so nice as rem istam acu tangere : But this I 
am well inform' d of, That the Indians, make 
thread of Nettles pill'd when full ripe, pure white 
and fine, and likewise another sort of brownish 
thread of a small weed almost like a Willow, which 
grows in the Wood, about three foot high, which is 
called Indian Hemp, of which they likewise make 
Ropes and bring them to sell, which wears as strong 
as our Hemp, only it wont endure wet so well, of 
this they make their Baggs, Purses or Sacks which 
they call Notas, which word signifies a Belly, (see 
Note 40,) and so they call any thing that's hol- 
low to carry any thing. Their work is weaving 
with their fingers, they twist all their thread upon 
their Thighs, with the palm of their hands, they 
interweave their Porcupine quills into their baggs, 
their Needles they make of fishes or small beast 
bones, and before the Christians came amongst 
them, they had Needles of Wood, for which Nut- 
wood was esteemed best, called Um-be-re-mak- 
qua, their Axes and Knives they made of white 
Flint-stones ; and with a Flint they will cut down 
any tree as soon as a carpenter with a Hatchet, 
which experiment was tried of late years by one 
Mr. Crabb of Alford in Lincolnshire, for a consider- 
able wager, who cut down a large Tree with a flint, 
handled the Indian way, with an unexpected art 



132 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 53 

and quickness. They make their Candles of the same 
wood that the Masts of Ships are made of, which 
they call Woss-ra-neck. (See Note 41.) Thus far ol 
the Indians, in this first part, which were part of my 
own personal observations, and other good inform- 
ations from one Claus an Indian, otherwise called 
Nicholas by the English, but Claus by the Dutch, 
with whom I was much acquainted, and likewise 
from one Mr. John Edsal the constant Interpreter 
betwixt the Governor and the Indians, and all 
others upon all important affairs, who was my in- 
timate acquaintance, and his Son my Scholar and 
Servant, whose own hand-writing is in many of 
my Memorials : One thing I had almost forgot, i. 
e. when the Indians look one another's Heads 
they eat the Lice and say they are wholesome, 
never throwing any away or killing them : In a 
word as they have a great many manly instincts 
of nature, so I observed them very civil and re- 
spectful both in their behaviour and entertainment; 
I cannot say that ever I met any company of them, 
which I frequently did in my walks out of the 
Town, but they would bow both Head and Knee, 
saying here comes the Sacka-makers Kakin-do- 
wet, i. e. the Governours Minister, whom I always 
saluted again with all due ceremony. They are 
faith-guides in the woods in times of Peace, and 
as dangerous enemies in times of War. Their 
way of fighting is upon Swamps, i. e. Bogs and 
Quagmires, in sculking Ambushes, beyond Trees 
and in Thickets, and never in a body. When they 
intend War they paint their faces black, but red 



54 A TWO years' 

is the sun-shine of Peace. There are several Na- 
tions which may be more properly called Tribes 
of Indians. 

Rockoway upon the South of Jamaica upon 
Long-Island, the I. 

Sea-qua-ta-eg, to the South of Huntingdon, the 2. 

Unckah-chau-ge, Brooke-haven, the 3. 

Se-tauck, Seatauchet North, the 4. 

Ocqua-baug, South-hold to the North, the 5. 

Shin-na-cock, Southampton, the greatest Tribe, 
the 6. 

Mun-tauck, to the Eastward of East-Hampton, 
the 7. 

All these are Long-Island Indians. (See Note 
42) 

The Tribes which are Friends. 

Top-paun, the greatest, which consists of an 
hundred and fifty fighting young Men. It's call'd 
the greatest because they have the greatest Sachim 
or Sacka-maker, i. e. King, whose name is Maim- 
shee. 

The Second is Ma-nissing, which lies westward 
from Top-paun, two days Journey ; it consists of 
three hundred fighting Men, the Sacka-makers 
name is called Taum-ma-hau-Quauk. 

The Third, Wee-quoss-cah-chau. i. e. Westches- 
ter Indians, which consists of seventy fighting 
Men, the Sacka-makers name is Wase-sa-kin-now. 

The Fourth, Na-ussin, or Neversinks, a Tribe of 
very few, the Sacka-makers name is Onz-zeech. 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 55 

May the lover of Souls bring these scattered 
desert people home to his own Flock. 

To return fronn the Wilderness into New-York, 
a place of as sweet and agreeable air as ever I 
breathed in, and the Inhabitants, both English and 
Dutch very civil and courteous as I may speak by 
experience, amongst whom I have often wished 
my self and Family, to whose tables I was fre- 
quently invited, and always concluded with a 
generous bottle of Madera. I cannot say I ob- 
served any swearing or quarrelling, but what was 
easily reconciled and recanted by a mild rebuke, 
except once betwixt two Dutch Boors (whose 
usual oath is Sacrament) which abateing the 
abusive language, was no unpleasant Scene. As 
soon as they met (which was after they had 
alarm'd the neighbourhood) they seized each 
other's hair with their forefeet, and down they 
went to the Sod, their Vrows and Families crying 
out because they could not part them, which fray 
happening against my Chamber window, I called 
up one of my acquaintance, and ordered him to 
fetch a kit full of water and discharge it at them, 
which immediately cool'd their courage, and 
loosed their grapples : so we used to part our Mas- 
tiffs in England. In the same City of New-York 
where I was Minister to the English, there were 
two other Ministers or Domines as they were 
called there, the one a Lutheran a German or 
High-Dutch, the other a Calvinist an Hollander 
or Low-Dutchman, who behav'd themselves one 
towards another so shily and uncharitably as if 



66 A TWO years' 



Luther and Calvin had bequeathed and entailed 
their virulent and bigotted Spirits upon them and 
their heirs forever They had not visited or spoken 
to each other with any respect for six years to- 
gether before my being there, with whom I being 
much acquainted, I invited them both with their 
Vrows to a Supper one night unknown to each 
other, with an obligation, that they should not 
speak one word in Dutch, under the penalty of a 
Bottle of Medera, alledging I was so imperfect in 
that Language that we could not manage a socia- 
ble discourse, so accordingly they came, and at 
the first interview they stood so appaled as if the 
Ghosts of Luther and Calvin had suffered a trans- 
migration, but the amaze soon went off with a 
salve tu quo(jue, and a Bottle of Wine, of which the 
Calvinist Domine was a true Carouzer, and so we 
continued our Mensalia the whole meeting in 
Latine, which they both spoke so fluently and 
promptly that I blush'd at my self with a passion- 
ate regret, that I could not keep pace with them ; 
and at the same time could not forbear reflecting 
upon our English Schools and Universities (who 
indeed write Latine Elegantly) but speak it, as if 
they were confined to Mood and Figure, Forms, 
and Phrases, whereas it should be their common 
talk ia their Seats and Halls, as well as in their 
School Disputations, and Themes. This with all 
deference to these repositories of Learning. As to 
the Dutch Language in which I was but a smat- 
terer, I think it lofty, majestic and emphatical, 
especially the German or High-Dutch, which as 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 51 



far as I understand it is very expressive in the 
Scriptures, and so underived that it may take place 
next the Oriental Languages, and the Septuagint : 
The name of the Calvinist was Newenhouse, (see 
Note 43), of the Lutheran Bernhardus Frazius, who 
was of a Gentile Personage, and a very agreeable 
behaviour in conversation , I seldom knew of any 
Law-suits, for indeed Attorneys were denyed the 
liberty of pleading : The English- observed one 
anniversary custom, and that without superstition, 
I mean the strenarum commercium, as Suetonius calls 
them, a neighbourly commerce of presents every 
New-Years day. 

Totus ab auspiclo, ne foret annus iners. Ovid. 
Fastor. 

Some would send me a Sugar-loaf, some a pair 
of Gloves, some a Bottle or two of Wine. In a 
word, the English Merchants and Factors (whose 
names are at the beginning) were very unanimous 
and obliging. There was one person of Quality, by 
name Mr. Russel, (see Note 44,) younger brother to 
the late Lord Russel, a gentleman of a comely Per- 
sonage, and very obliging, to whose lodgings I was 
often welcome : But I suppose his Fortune was that 
of a younger Brother according to Henry the VIIPs. 
Constitution, who abolished and repealed the Ga- 
velkind custom, whereby the Lands of the Father 
were equally divided among all his Sons, so that 
ever since the Cadets or younger Sons of the Eng- 
lish Nobility and Gentry, have only that of the 
Poet to bear up their Spirits. 



137 



58 A TWO years' 



Sum pauper^ non culpa mea est, sed culpa parenium 
Qui me fratir meo non genuere prius. 

In my rude English rhiming thus. 
I'm poor (my dad) but that's no fault of mine, 
If any fault there be, the fault is thine, 
Because thou did'st not give us Gavelkine. 
The Dutch in New-York observe this custom, an 
instance of vi^hich I remember in one Frederick Phi- 
lips (see Note 45,) the richest Miin Heer in that 
place, who was said to have whole Hogsheads of 
Indian Money or Wampam, who having one Son 
and Daughter, I was admiring what a heap of 
Wealth the Son would enjoy, to which a Dutch 
Man replied, that the Daughter must go halves, for 
so was the manner amongst them, they standing 
more upon Nature than Names ; that as the root 
communicates it self to all its branches, so should 
the Parent to all his ofF-spring which are the Olive 
branches round about his Table. And if the case 
be so, the minors and infantry of the best Families 
might wish they had been born in Kent, rather 
than in such a Christendom as entails upon them 
their elder Brother's old Cloths, or some superan- 
nuated incumber'd reversion, but to invite both 
elder and younger Brothers to this sweet Climate 
of New- York, when they arrive there, if they are 
enclined to settle a Plantation, they may purchase 
a tract of ground at a very small rate, in my time 
at two-pence or three pence the Acre, for which 
they have a good Patent or Deed from the Go- 
vernor. Indeed its all full of Wood, which as it 



138 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 59 



will require some years before it be fit for use, so 
the burning of it does manure and meliorate the 
Soil ; if they be for Merchandice, they pay for 
their freedom in New-York but fix Bevers or an 
equivalent in Money, i e. three pounds twelve 
shillings, and seventeen shillings Fees : And 
Goods that are brought over commonly return 
cent, per cent. i. e. a hundred pounds laid out in 
London will commonly yield or afford 200 pounds 
there. Fifty per cent, is looked upon as an indif- 
ferent advance, the species of payment and cerdit 
or trust is sometimes hazardous, and the Commo- 
dities of that Country will yield very near as much 
imported into England, for three and forty pounds 
laid out in Bever and other Furrs, when I came 
awa^", I received about four-score in London ; 
indeed the Custom upon the skins is high, which 
perhaps might raise it to eight and forty pounds, 
or fifty ; as for what I had occasion, some things 
were reasonable, some dear. I paid for two load 
of Oats in the straw 18 shillings to one Mr. Henry 
Dyer : to the same for a load of Pease-straw six 
shillings : paid to Thomas Davis for shooing my 
Horse three shillings, for in that place Horses are 
seldom, some not shod at all, their Hoofs by run- 
ning in the woods so long before they are backed 
are like Flints : Paid to Derick, i. e. Richard Se- 
cah's Son for a load of Hay twelve shillings : Paid 
to Denys Fisher's Son a Carpenter, for two days 
work in the Stable eight shillings : for a Curry 
Comb and Horse-brush four shillings: to Jonathan 
the Barber 1/. 4s. the year : to the Shoo-maker for 



60 A TWO years' 

a pair of Boots and Sliooes 1/. 5s. to the Washer- 
woman or Laundress l/. 5s. 6d. the Year. So all 
Commodities and Trades are dearer or cheaper 
according to the plenty of importation from Eng- 
land and other parts : The City of New- York in 
my time was as large as some Market Towns with 
us, all built the London way; the Garrison side of 
a high situation and a pleasant Prospect, the Island 
it stands on all a level and Champain ; the diver- 
sion especially in the Winter season used by the 
Dutch is aurigation, i. e. riding about in Wagons 
which is allowed by Physicians to be a very 
healthful exercise by Land. And upon the Ice its 
admirable to see Men and Women as it were flying 
upon their Skates from place to place, (see Note 46), 
with Markets upon their Heads and Backs. In a 
word, it's a place so every way inviting that our 
English Gentry, Merchants and Clergy (especially 
such as have the natural Stamina of a consumptive 
propagation in them; or an Hypocondriacal Con- 
sumption) would flock thither for self preservation. 
This I have all the reason to affirm, and believe 
from the benign effectual influence it had upon 
my own constitution ; but oh the passage, the 
passage thither, hie labor, hoc opus est : there is the 
timorous objection : the Ship may founder by 
springing a Leak, be wreckt by a Storm or taken 
by a Pickeroon : which are plausible pleas to flesh 
and blood, but if we would examine the bills of 
mortality and compare the several accidents and 
diseases by the Land, we should find them almost 
a hundred for one to what happens by Sea, which 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 61 

deserves a particular Essay, and if we will believe 
the ingenious Dr. Carr in his Epistolce Medicinates, 
there is an Emetick Vomitory vertue in the Sea- 
water it self, which by the motion of the Ship 
operates upon the Stomach and ejects whatever is 
offensive, and so extimulates and provokes or re- 
covers the appetite, which is the chiefest defect in 
such Constitutions : and besides, there is a daily 
curiosity in contemplating the wonders of the 
Deep, as to see a Whale wallowing and spouting 
cataracts of Water, to see the Dolphin that hiero- 
glyphick of celerity leaping above water in chase 
of the flying fish, which I have sometimes tasted 
of as they flew aboard, where they immediately 
expire out of their Element ; and now and then to 
hale up that Canibal of the Sea, I mean the Shark, 
by the bate of a large gobbet of Beef or Pork; who 
makes the Deck shake again by his flapping vio- 
lence, and opens his devouring mouth with double 
rows of teeth, in shape like a Skate or Flare as we 
call them in Cambridge ; of which dreadful fish I 
have often made a meal at Sea, but indeed it was 
for want of other Provisions. When I came for Eng- 
land in a Quaker's Ship, whose Master's name was 
Heathcot; (see Note 47,) who, when he had his 
plum Broths, I and the rest were glad of what Pro- 
vidence sent us from day to day, our water and other 
Provisions, which he told us upon going aboard were 
fresh and newly taken in, were before we arrived 
in England so old and nauseous that we held our 
noses when we used them, and had it not been for 
a kind Rundlet of Medera Wine, which the Go- 



62 A TWO years' 

vernor's Lady presented me with, it had gone 
worse : but such a passage may not happen once 
in a hundred times ; for as I went from England 
to New-York, I faired very'plentifully both with 
fresli and season' d meat, & good drink, Sheep 
killed according to our occasion, and likewise 
Poultry coop*d up and corn'd and cram'd, which 
made the common Sea men so long for a novelty, 
that as I went down betwixt Decks I observ'd two 
Terpaulins tossing something in a Blanket, and 
being very inquisitive they told me they were 
roasting a Cockerill, which was by putting a red- 
hot Bullet into it after it was trust, which would 
fetch all the Feathers off and roast well enough 
for their Stomachs, at which I smiling went again 
above-deck, and made it a publick and pardonable 
diversion ; but as to the Sharks, as our Ship was 
one day becalm'd, and four of our Seamen tor di- 
version Swimming about the Vessel, we on board 
espied two or three of them making towards their 
prey, we all shouted and made what noise we 
could, and scared them (tho with much ado) from 
seizing the Men, whilst we drew them up by ropes 
cast out ; when they are sure of their prey they 
turn themselves upon their backs & strike their 
Prey, but in case a Man has the courage to face 
them in swimming they make away, so awful is 
the aspect of that noble animal Man: but suppose 
his Courage or his Strength fails him, and he be- 
comes a prey to any of the watry host, what dif- 
ference betwixt being eaten by fish or by worms 
at the Christian Resurrection, when the Sea must 



JOURNAL IN NEW YORK. 63 

give up its Dead, and our scattered parts be recol- 
lected into the same form again ; but to conclude 
all with an Apophthegm of the Lord Bacon's, viz. 

* One was saying that his Great-Grand-father 

* Grand-father and Father died at Sea. Said an- 
' other that heard him, and as I were you, I would 

* never come to Sea ; why saith he, where did 
' your Great-Grand-father and Ancestors die ? he 
' answered where but in their Beds, saith the 

* other, and I were as you I would never go to Bed. 
But for all this I durst venture a knap in a Cabbin 
at Sea, or in a Hammock in the Woods. So 
Reader a good Night. 

Opere in tantofas est obrepere somnum. 



FINIS. 



NOTES. 



Note 1, page 21. 

The good ship Blossom belonged to Charlestown, Mass., and was one of the 
" regular traders " of those days. We find that Sir Robert Carr returned to 
England fi'om New York in 1667, in a vessel commanded by Captain Martin. 
Shortly after her arrival at New York with Gov. Andros, Robert Swet her 
boatswain ran away, and a " hue and cry" was sent after him from the office 
of the Provincial Secretary to Long Island and " The Maine." The Blossom 
cleared from New Y''ork for England on the 14th October, 1678, with the follow- 
ing passengers : Edward Griffith, John Delaval, Abram Depeyster, Jacques 
Guyon, Thomas MoUineux, Mrs. Mary Vervangher, Mrs. Frances Lowden, 
Mrs. Charity Clarke, Mrs. Rachel Whitthill her sister, Barent Reinderts, wife 
and five children, and Levynus Van Schaick ; and carried back the governor's 
despatches. We lose sight of the good vessel now until the 6th of July, 1681, 
when she again arrived in New York, from which port she cleared for the Me- 
deiras on the 1st of September following, still under the command of Capt. 
Richard Martin. On the !28th September, 1683, she cleared for Boston from 
New York; arrived at Amboy, N. J., from England, on the 15th February, 
1684-5, and cleared at New York for Barbadoes on the 6th of June, 1685. From 
1691 to 1701 we find the " pinke" Blossom a regular trader between the island 
of Barbadoes and New York, but under another commander. — N. Y. State Rec. 



Note 2, page 21. 

Sir Edmund Andros, Knight, Seigneur of Sausmarez, was born in London 6th 
December, 1637. His ancestors were from Northamptonshire. John Andros, 
the first of them connected with Guernsey, was Lieutenant to Sir Peter Meautis, 
the Governor, and married, in 1543, Judith de Sausmarez, the heiress, who 
brought the fief Sausmarez into the family. Their son, John, became a King's 
ward, in the custody of Sir Leonard Chamberlain, the Governor, during a long 
minority, and appears as a Jurat of the Royal court at the coming of the Royal 
Commissioners in 1582. The grandson, Thomas, also a Jurat, was Lieutenant- 
Governor, under Lord Carew, in 161 1 . He married Elizabeth, daughter of Amice 
de Carteret, Seigneur of Winsby Manor in Jersey, and Lieutenant-Governor 
and Bailiff of Guernsey, and had many children. Amice, father of Sir Edmund, 

9 lis 



66 



was the eldest son, and married Elizabeth Stone, sister of Sir Robert Stone, 
Knight, Cupbearer to the Queen of Bohemia, and captain of a troop of horse in 
Holland ; he was Master of the Ceremonies to King Charles the First when his 
son Edmund was born, who was brought up from a boy in the Royal family, 
and in its exile commenced his career of arms in Holland, under Prince Henry 
of Nassau. Upon the restoration of Charles the Second in 1660, the inhabitants 
of Guernsey thought it right to petition for pardon for having submitted to 
Cromwell. On the 13th August, an Order in Council was issued granting said 
pardon, but declaring, at the same time, that Amice Andros of Sausmarez, 
Bailiflf of said Island, Edmund his son, and Charles, brother of Amice, had, to 
their great credit during the late Rebellion, continued inviolably faithful to his 
Majesty, and consequently, have no need of being comprised in the general 
pardon. To reward liis loyalty, Edmund was made Gentleman in Ordinary to 
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, the King's aunt, noted for the vicissitudes 
of her life, and as having given an heir to the House of Hanover; her daughter, 
Princess Sophia, being the mother of George the First. He subsequently dis- 
tinguished himself in the war waged by Charles the Second against the Dutch, 
and which ended in 1667. He married in 1671, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas 
Craven, a sister of Sir W. Craven, of Appletreewick in Yorkshire, and of Combe 
Abbey in Warwickshire, Knight, heir in reversion to the Barony of Craven of 
Hampsted Marshall. On 2d April, 1672, a regiment of dragoons, raised for the 
King's cousin, Prince Rupert, was directed to be armed "with the bayonet or 
great knife ;" this being its first introduction into the English army. Major 
Andros was promoted to this regiment, and the four Barbadoes companies then 
under his command, were advanced to be troops of horse in it. {Origin and 
Services of the Coldstream Guards, by Col. Mackinnon.) In the same year, the 
proprietors of the Province of Carolina, by patent in the Latin language, dated 
23d April, under their great seal and hands, and making allusion to his services 
and merits, conferred on him and his heirs the title and dignity of Landgrave, 
with four Baronies containing 48,000 acres of land at a quit-rent of a penny an 
acre. The distinction bestowed by the proprietors, honorable as it was, does 
not appear to have been otherwise beneficial, and neither he nor his heirs, it is 
believed, at any time derived advantage from the large quantity of land an- 
nexed to the dignity. In 1674, on the death of his father, he became Seigneur 
of the Fiefs and succeeded to the office of Bailiff of Guernsey, the reversion to 
which had been granted him. The war which had recommenced with the 
Dutch having terminated, his regiment was disbanded, and he was commis- 
sioned by the King to receive New York and its dependencies, pursuant to the 
treaty of peace, and constituted Governor of that Province. He arrived in this 
country, accompanied by his wife, on the 1st of November, 1674, and entered 
on the government on the 10th of that month. He returned to England in 
November, 1677, and was Knighted by Charles the Second in 1678, when he 
resumed his government, the affairs of which he continued to administer until 



NOTES. 67 

January, 1681 (N. S), when he repaired, by order, to England, and in 1682 was 
sworn Grentleman of the King's Privy Chamber. In the following year, the 
Island of Alderney was granted to him and Lady Mary Andros, for ninety-nine 
years, at a rent of thirteen shillings, and in 1685 he was made Colonel of her 
Royal Highness Princess Anne of Denmark's regiment of horse. In 1686, .James 
the Second appointed him Governor, Captain-General and Vice-Admiral of 
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, New Plymouth and cei'tain dependent 
t'^rritories, and soon afterwards, in addition, of Rhode Island and of Connecti- 
cut, comprehending the whole of New England. He arrived at Nantasket in 
the Kingfisher, 50, on the 19th December, 1686, and was received, a few days 
after, in Boston " with great acclamation of joy." (Cambridge Almahac, 1687.) 
On the 7th April, 1688, New York and New Jersey were placed under his 
jurisdiction. In the month of September following, he held a Treaty with the 
Five Nations of Indians at Albany, and a few weeks after returned to Boston, 
where he had the misfortune to lose his wife in the forepart of the following 
year. Her Ladyship was buried by torchlight, the corpse having been carried 
from the Governor's residence to the South Church, in a hearse drawn by six 
horses, attended by a suitable guard of lionor. In the administration of his 
government. Sir Edmund Andros failed not to become unpopular, and on the 
18th April, 1689, shortly after the receipt of the news of the Revolution, he was 
deposed and imprisoned, and sent back to England in 1690. He continued, not- 
withstanding, in the favor of the Court, and in 1692 William the Third pre- 
ferred him to the governorship of Virginia, to which was adjoined that of 
Maryland. Governor Andros brought over to Virginia the Charter of William 
and Mary's College, of which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manu- 
factures and the cultivation of cotton in that Colony, regulated the Secre- 
tary's office, where he commanded .all the public papers and records to be 
sorted and kept in order, and when the State House was burnt, had them care- 
fully preserved and again sorted and registered. By these and other com- 
mendable acts, he succeeded in gaining the esteem of the people, and in all 
likelihood would have been still more useful to the Colony had his stay been 
longer, but his administration closed in November, 1698. {Bevcrly^s Virginia, 
I, 37 ; Oldmixon, I, 396-398.) In 1704, under Queen Anne, he was extraordi- 
narily distinguished by having the government of Guernsey bestowed upon 
him, which he held for two years ; he continued Bailiff until his death, and 
was empowered to appoint his Lieutenant-Bailiff, who was likewise authorized 
to name a deputy. Sir Edmund Andros was married three times. The second 
wife was of the family of Crispe, which, like his own, had been attached to 
the Royal house in its necessities. He closed his eventful life in the parish of 
St. Anne, Westminster, without issue, in February, 1713 (0. S.), in his 76th 
year. — N. Y. Colonial Documents, II, 740. 



68 NOTES. 



Note 3, Page 21. 

William Pinhorne had been a resident of New York previous to tliis time, 
and this was his return voyage from England. In May, 1683, he became the pur- 
chaser of the garden previously called Lovelace's Garden-house, in Broadway, 
N. Y., for which he paid the sum of forty pounds sterling. On the grant of a 
charter to the city by Governor Dongan, Mr. Pinhorne was named Alderman 
for tlie East Ward, and was elected Speaker of the Assembly which met in 
October, 1685. On the appointment of Sloughter to the government of New 
York, Mr. Pinhorne was named one of his Council, and subsequently member 
of the special commission which tried and condemned Leisler. In March, 1691, 
we find him appointed Recorder of the city of New York, and on the 5th May 
following, fourth justice of the Supreme Court of the Province. He held the 
office of Recorder until September 1, 1692, when he was removed from that, 
and his place in the Council, on account of non-residence. On 22d March, 1693, 
he became second justice of the Supreme Court, and having returned to the 
city of New York, was restored to his seat in the Council on 10th of June of the 
last mentioned year. Whilst in this situation he succeeded in securing for 
himself and others, an extravagant grant of land on the Mohawk river, west of 
Fort Hunter, fifty miles long and two miles on each side the river, at the rent 
of one beaver skin for the first seven years, and five beaver skins yearly for ever 
thereafter. But Lord Bellomont having arrived in 1698, power passed into 
the hands of the Leisler party, and Mr. Pinhorne was suspended, on the 7th 
June, from his offices of judge and councillor, on a charge of having " spoke 
most scandalous and reproachful words " of the King. This was followed in 
the course of the next year by an Act vacating his extravagant grant on the 
Mohawk. He now retired to his plantation on Snake Hill, on Hackensack 
river, N. J., and was next appointed second judge of the Supreme Court of 
that Province, of the Council of which he was also a member, and took his seat 
on the bench at Burlington in November, 1704. Here he shared all the obloquy 
which attached to his son-in-law. Chief Justice Mompesson. Lieutenant- 
Governor Ingoldesby having been removed from office, on the earnest applica- 
tion of the people, was succeeded by Mr. Pinhorne, who was at that time pre- 
sident of the Council, and who now exercised the power of commander-in-chief. 
The latter was superceded on the 10th June, 1710, by the arrival of Governor 
Hunter, and the Assembly soon after demanding his removal from all places 
of trust in the Province, he was dismisstd in 1713. He died towards the close 
of 1719. Judge Pinhorne was married to Mary, daughter of Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor Ingoldesby, in virtue of whose will (dated 31 August, 1711), she and 
her children, Mary and John, became patentees of lands in the towns of Corn- 
wall and New Windsor, Orange county, N. Y. — N. Y. Colonial Docs., Ill, 716. 



148 



69 



Note A, Page 21. 

James Graham was a native of Scotland, and is found a resident merchant 
of the city of New York as early as July, 1678, and a few years later, proprietor 
of lands in Ulster county, Staten Island, and in New Jersey. He succeeded 
Mr. Rudyard as Attorney-General of the Province of New York, on lOth of De- 
cember, 1685, and was sworn of the Council on the 8th of October, 1687. When 
the government of New England and Nww York were consolidated by James II, 
Mr. Graham removed to Boston as Attorney-General to Andros, the odium of 
whose government he shared, and on whose downfall he was committed to 
the castle. He returned to New York in 1691, where his enemies assert that 
he insinuated himself into the confidence of Leisler and his friends, so as to 
procure their interest to be chosen member of the Assembly, of which he was 
afterwards elected Speaker. He became, soon after, the mortal enemy of Leis- 
ler and Milborne, of whose murder he is charged, by his adversaries, with 
being "the principal author." Thomas Newton, Slougliter's Attorney-General, 
having left the Province in April, 1691, disapproving, probably, of the harsh 
measures of the government towards the state prisoners, George Farewell was 
appointed to act in his place ; but this appointment not being satisfactory to 
the Assembly, Mr. Graham became again Attorney-General in the following 
May. He was about nine years Speaker of the Assembly, i. e., from 1691-1694; 
1695-1698, and a part of 1699, when the friends of Leisler being in a majority, 
the House voted a bill of indictment, in the shape of a remonstrance, against 
their opponents, and had the cruelty to expect their Speaker to sign it. To 
enable him to avoid this unpleasant duty, Mr. Graham was called to the Coun- 
cil in May, 1699. His public career may be said to have now closed. He 
appears to have attended the Council for the last time, on the 29th July, 1700, 
He was superseded in October, of that year, as Recorder of the city of New 
York, after having filled the oflBce from 1683, with an interruption of only two 
years, and was deprived of his olfice of Attorney-General on the 21st January, 
1701, but a few days before his death, which occurred at his residence at Mor- 
risania. His will bears date 12th January, 1700-1, and is on record in the Sur- 
rogate's olBce, New York. He left all his property, share and share alike, to 
his children, Augustine (Surveyor-General of the Province), Isabella (wife of 
Lewis Morris, Esq.), Mary, Sarah, Margaret and John, The other members of 
the family consisted, in 1698, of one overseer, two white servants and thirty- 
three slaves. — New York Colonial Documents, IV, 847. On the 18th July, 1684, 
a license of Marriage was issued out of the Provincial Secretary's office, New 
York, for James Graham and Elizabeth Windebauke. — N. Y. Colonial MSS., 
XXXIII, pt. ii, p. 32. But whether it refers to the Attorney-General whose 
biography is now sketched, we have no means of ascertaining. 



10 NOTES. 



Note 5, Page 21. 

John West had been a resident of New York during Governor Andros' first 
administration, and is found acting as a lawyer there as early as 1675. In the 
following year, he received the appointment of deputy clerk of the Mayor's 
court, and clerk of the Sessions for the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire, 
and was employed in a legal capacity to assist the commission appointed to 
examine into the condition of Governor Lovelace's estate. He seems next to 
have gone back to England, but on returning to New York, is again found en- 
joying the confidence and patronage of the government, being employed as 
member of the Court of Admiralty at Nantucket ; justice of the peace at Pema- 
quid, &c. In 1680 he received the appointment of clerk of the Council, Secre- 
tai-y of the Province, clerk to the Court of Assizes, and clerk of the city of New 
York, but in 1683, he was superseded by James Spragg as Provincial secretary 
and clerk of the Court of Assizes. The latter tribunal, however, was soon 
after abolished, but Mr. West retained his city appointment and received also 
that of clerk of the Sessions. In October, 1684, he married Anne Rudyard, 
daughter of the Lieutenant-'Governor of East Jersey, and in 1685 was commis- 
sioned to claim Westfield, Northampton, Deerfield and other towns on the west 
side of Connecticut river, for the Duke of York. When Sir Edmund Andros, 
his patron, returned to power in 1686-7, Mr. West accompanied him to Bos- 
ton ; there he farmed from Edward Randolph the ofiice of secretary, in which 
capacity he extorted what fees he pleased, to the great oppression of the people, 
and thus aided in rendering the government odious. On the overthrow of that 
government, West was seized and committed to the castle at Boston. Many 
of the charges against him are given in the tract entitled " The Revolution of 
New England Justified." After a protracted confinement, it appears that he 
was shi' ped off to England in 1690. Of his subsequent career I have no know- 
ledge ; but I apprehend that he did not long survive his downfall. His widow 
afterwards became the wife of Robert Wharton. — The above details are collected 
from the N, Y. Records in the office of the Secretary of State, Albany ; By- 
field's Account of the late Revolution ; N. Y. Colonial Docuinents, III ; and 
Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts. 



Note 6, page 21. 

Petek Heylin, D. D., was born in Burford, Oxfordshire, on 29th Nov., 1599, 
and in 1613 entered Hart Hall, Oxford; took the degree of B. A. in 1617, and 
was chosen Fellow in 1619. Having already given a course of lectures on Cos- 
mography, he composed his Microcosmus, which was published in 1621, 4to 
{Watts); 1622 {Wood) small 4to. He received holy orders in 1623, and in 
1624-5, a second edition of his Microcosmus appeared, with augmentations and 



NOTES. 



n 



corrections. He visited France in 1625, and on his return wrote an account of 
his journey, which was published some 30 years subsequent to his vit^it. In 
1627, a third edition of the Microcosmus was published. In 1629 he was nomi- 
nated one of the king's chaplains, and in 1631 made rector of Henningford, 
Huntingdonshire, and a prebend of Westminster. The year following, he ob- 
tained the rich living of Houghton in the Spring, which he changed for Ailres- 
ford, Hampshire ; in 1633 proceeded to D. D.,and in 1638, exchanged for South 
Warnborough, Hants. On the breaking out of the civil war. Dr. Heylin aban- 
doned his rectories and followed the king to Oxford, where he became one of 
the editors of the Weekly Newspaper, called the Mercurius Aulicus, then pub- 
lished on the royal side.. In 1643, his property was sequestered by order of 
the Parliament, and he thus lost his incomparable library. Now he was obliged 
to shift from place to place to escape his enemies, and finally settled down in 
Minster Level, where he was forced " to the earning of money by writing books." 
Here, he prepared the first folio edition of his Cosmography, which was pub- 
lished in 1652. He next removed to Abendon, in order to have easier access to 
libraries, for he found it (he says) as difficult to make books without books, as 
the Israelites, to make bricks without straw. At length, at the restoration, this 
worthy old loyalist was restored to his spiritualities. Though the list of Dr. 
Heylin's works is considerable, he is best known in this country by his "Cos- 
mographie," It was the last book that its author wrote with his own hand 
(in 1651), for after it was finished, his eyes failed liim so that he could neither 
see to write nor read, and was forced to employ an amanuensis. At length, 
after a life chequered by adversity and prosperity, he paid his last debt to 
nature on Ascension day, the 8th of May, 1662, and was buried within the 
choir of St. Peter's Church, Westminster. A copy of the inscription on his 
monument is in Hist, and Antiq. Univ. Oxon., and a list of his works is iu 
Wood^s Athen. Oxon. II, 183, et scq. 



Note 7, page 21. 

Richard Nicolls was the fourth son of Francis Nicolls, who is described in 
a pedigree of the family entered in the Heralds' College in 1628, as "of the 
Middle Temple, one of the Squiers of the Bath to Sir Edward Bruse, and lyeth 
buried at Ampthill, co. Bedford." His mother was Margaret, daughter of Sir 
George Bruce of Carnock, Knt., the lineal ancestor of the present Earl of Elgin, 
and younger brother of Sir Edward Bruce, the favorite servant of James I, and 
his Master of the Rolls. Richard Nicolls was born in the year 1624, probably 
at Ampthill, at which place his father was buried in the same year. Ampthill 
great park was a royal chase, the custody of which was granted, in 1613, by 
King .lames 1, to Thomas, Lord Bruce, whose son, Robert Bruce, was created in 
1664 Viscount Bruce of Ampthill, and Earl of Aylesbury. In the seventeenth 



'12 NOTES. 

century the Nicollses were for many years lessees of Ampthill Park under the 
Bruce family, and resided at the Great Lodge, or Capital Mansion, as it is 
called in the survey of 1649. Here Richard Nicolls passed his boyhood under 
the charge of his mother, who survived her husband, and remained a widow 
until her death in 1662. He had two brothers, who survived their father, the 
one, Edward, ten years, and the other, Frances, five years older than himself. 
His only sister, Bruce, was thirteen years of age at the time of his birth, and 
was married shortly after to John Frecheville (son and heir apparent of Sir 
John Frecheville of Staveley, co. Derby, Knt.), who, in 1664, was created 
Baron Frecheville of Staveley. She died in 1629, without issue, at the age of 
eighteen. 

The breaking out of the civil war in 1642 found Richard Nicolls at the uni- 
versity, where, if we can accept the testimony of the epitaph on his monument 
in Ampthill church, he acquired some distinction in his studies. He was not 
permitted, however, to pursue this career ; but in 1643, at the youthful age of 
eighteen, he was called away to take part in the civil war, which was then 
actively waging. As might be supposed from his connections, the sympathies 
and afl'ectious of Richard Nicolls were engaged on the royal side. His mother 
was one of the family — itself connected with the royal line — which had been 
caressed and enriched by King James. His uncle. Dr. William Nicolls, a dig- 
nitary of the English Church, was indebted to the favor of King Charles for his 
preferments, having been presented in 1623 to the living of Cheadle in Chester, 
by Charles, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, to whom the presentation 
had fallen by lapse, and was advanced in 1644 to the Deanery of Chester. 

Richard Nicolls joined the royal forces, in which he received the command 
of a troop of horse. Each of his brothers commanded a company of infantry 
on the same side, and distinguished himself by his devotion to the royal cause; 
but tlie favor which their services gained them was more honorable than ad- 
vantageous. They shared the exile of the royal family, and following their 
banished king in his wanderings, Edward, the elder brother, died at Paris, and 
Francis at the Hague. During the period following the death of King Charles, 
when the royal family remained in Paris, Richard Nicolls was attached to the 
service of James, Duke of York, whose attendants, as we learn from Clarendon, 
shared in a more than ordinary degree in the distresses, and also in the dis- 
order and faction which prevailed in the banished court. In the spring of 1652, 
the Duke of York obtained the permission of his brother and liis council to 
join the army under the Marshal Turenne, then engaged in the war of the 
Fronde. Richard Nicolls accompanied him, and had thus an opportunity, to 
adopt the words of the Cardinal Mazarin in proposing to the queen to send her 
son to the wars, of "learning his mestier, under a general reputed equal to any 
captain in Christendom." The duke afterwards served upon the other side 
under Don John of Austria and the Prince de Conde, and we may conjecture 
that he was followed throughout these campaigns by Nicolls, who, on the re- 

152 



NOTES. 13 

turn of tlie royal family to their country in 1660, was appointed one of the 
gentlemen of the bedchamber to the duke. 

In 1664, war with Holland being then imminent, the king granted to his 
brother the Duke of York, the country in North America then occupied by the 
Dutch Settlement of New Netherland. The grant to the Duke of York is dated 
the 12th of March, 1664, and it comprises Long Island, and " all the land from 
the west side of Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware bay, and the 
islands known by the names of Martin's Vineyard or Nantucks, otherwise 
Nantucket." Part of this tract was conveyed away by the duke to Lord Berk- 
eley of Stratton and George Carteret of Saltrum, co. Devon, by lease and re- 
lease dated the 22d and 23d of June, 1664, and received the name of New 
Jersey from its connection with the Carteret family. 

Letters patent were issued on the 25th of April, 1664, appointing Colonel 
Richard Nichols, Sir Robert Carr, Knt., George Cartwright and Samuel 
Maverick, Esquires, Commissioners, with power for them, or any three 
or two of them, or the survivors of them, of whom Colonel Richard Nichols, 
during his life, should be always one, and should have a casting vote, to visit 
all the colonies and plantations within the tract known as New England, and 
" to heare and determine all complaints and appeales in all causes and matters, 
as well military as criminal and civil, and proceed in all things for the provid- 
ing for and settleing the peace and security of the said country according to 
their good and sound discretion, and to such instructions as they or the suc- 
cessors of them have, or shall from time to time receive for us in that behalfe, 
and from time to time to certify us or our privy councel of their actings and 
proceedings touching the premisses." 

The instructions furnished to Colonel Nicolls respecting his proceedings with 
the Dutch, required him to reduce them to the same obedience with the king's 
subjects in those parts, without using any other violence than was necessary 
to those ends; and if necessary, "to use such force as could not be avoided 
for their reduction, they having no kind of right to hold what they are in pos- 
session of in our unquestionable territories, than that they are possessed of by 
an invasion of Us." 

The expedition under Nicolls set sail from Portsmouth in June, 1664. It 
consisted of four frigates, and about 300 soldiers. Colonel Nicolls, on board 
the Guyny, arrived at Boston on the 27th July, and required assistance 
towards reducing the Dutch. The council of the town agreed to furnish 200 
men, but the object was eflected by Nicolls before this force joined him. On 
the 2Gth August, his force being now collected at Long Island, Nicolls sum- 
moned the Dutch governor to surrender. Stuyvesant, the governor, would 
willingly have defended the town, but there was no disposition in the burghers 
to support him ; and a capitulation was signed on 27th by Commissioners on 
each side, and confirmed by Nicolls. In the course of the next month. Sir Ro- 

10 1., 



t4 NOTES. 

bert Ccarr and Col. Cartwright reduced all the remaining Dutch settlements in 
New Netherland. 

Upon the reduction of New Amsterdam, Nicolls assumed the government of 
the province, now called New York, under the style of "Deputy-Governor 
under his I'oyal highness the Duke of York, of all his territories in America." 
The American authorities are generally agreed that his rule, though somewhat 
arbitrary, was honest and sakitary. English forms and methods of govern- 
ment were gi-adually introduced ; and in June, 1665, the scout, burgomasters 
and schepens of the Dutch municipality were superseded by a mayor, alder- 
men, and sheriff. His administration lasted three years, and his mode of 
proceeding is thus summed up by William Smith, the historian of New York : 
" He erected no courts of justice, but took upon himself the sole decision of all 
controversies whatever. Complaints came before him by petition ; upon which 
he gave a day to the parties, and after a summary hearing, pronounced judg- 
ment. His determinations were called edicts, and executed by the sheriffs he 
had appointed. It is much to his honor, that, notwithstanding all this pleni- 
tude of power, he governed the province with integrity and moderation. A 
representation from the inhabitants of Long Island to the General Court of 
Connecticut, made about the time of the Revolution, commends him, as a man 
of an easy and benevolent disposition ; and this is the more to be relied upon, 
because the design of the writers was, by a detail of their grievances, to induce 
the colony of Connecticut to take them under its immediate protection." In a 
letter to the Duke of York, dated November, 1665, Colonel Nicolls thus ex- 
presses himself : "My endeavors have not been wanting to put the whole go- 
vernment into one frame and policy, and now the most factious republicans 
can not but acknowledge themselves fully satisfied with the way and method 
they are in." 

Nicolls returned to England in 1667, and resumed his position in the Duke 
of York's household. In 1672 war was again proclaimed against the Dutch. 
The distinction between the land and sea services was not then established , 
and several landsmen volunteered to serve in the fleet, which was commanded 
by the Duke of York, the Earl of Sandwich, and the Count D'Estrees. Among 
these volunteers were several of the Lord High Admiral's household, and 
among the number Colonel Richard Nicolls. In the engagement which took 
place at Solebay, on the 28th of May, 1672, in which Lord Sandwich lost his 
life by the blowing up of the ship which he commanded. Colonel Nicolls, with 
Sir John Fox, the Captain of the Royal Prince, in which he sailed, and 
others of the volunteers, was also killed. His age at the time of his death was 
forty-seven. 

Colonel Nicolls left no legitimate issue, and, I believe, was never married. 
His will, dated the 1st of May, 1672, on board the Royal Prince at the Nore, 
was proved by his executors in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury in the 
following June. He desires to be buried at Ampthill, and alms to be given to 

154 



NOTES. *15 

the parishes through which his funeral would pass, aud a marble monument 
to be erected to his memory, with an inscription mentioning his father and 
mother, his brother William, and his brothers Edward and Francis, the one 
dead at the Hague, the other at Paris during the late usurpation ; and his exe- 
cutors might add what they pleased about his own services in America and 
elsewhere. He prays his executors to be *' earnest solicitors with his Highness 
for the money due to him." 

His executors fulfilled his injunctions by erecting a white marble monument 
to his memory in the north-east corner of the chancel of Ampthill church, in 
the upper part of which the cannon ball which caused his death is enclosed, 
with the words " Instrumentum mortis et immortalitatisy The inscription on 
the monument is as follows : 

M. S. 

Optimis parentibus nunc tumulo conjunctus 

Pietate semper coujunctissimus 

Hie jacet 

Richardus Nicolls Francisci I^tius ex Margar. Bruce 

Alius, 

Illimo Jacobo Duci Ebor. a Cubiculis intimis ; 

Anno 1643, relictis musarum castris, 

Turmam equestrem contra rebelles duxit. 

Juvenis strenuus atque impiger. 

Anno 1664, setate jam et scientia militari maturus, 

In AMERICAM 

Septentrionalem cum imperio missus 

Longam I's'lam coeterasque insulas 

Belgis expulsis vero Domino restituit, 

Provinciam arcesque munitissimas 

Heri sui titulis insignivit, 

Et trienuio pro preside rexit 

Academia Literis 

Bello Virtute 

Aula Candore animi 

Magistratu Prudentia 

Celebris, 

ubique bonis charus, sibi et negotiis par. 

28 Mali 1672 

nave prsetoria contra eosd. Belgas 

fortiter dimicans, 

ictu globi majoris trausfossus occubuit. 

Fratres liabuit, 

praeter Gulielmum prajcoci fato defunctum, 

Edvardum et Franciscum 

utrumque copiarum pedestrium centurionem, 

Qui fa3dce et servilis tyrannidis 

quae tunc Angliam oppresserat impatientes, 

exilio prselato (si modo regem extorrem sequi exil : sit) 

alter Parisiis, alter Haga comitis, 

ad coelestem patriam migi'arunt. 

Above are the Nicolls arms : Azure, a fess between tlu-ee lions' heads or ; 
Crest, a tiger sejant.— 2 Notes and Queries, HI, 214 ; Nichols's Topographer and 
Genealogist, III, 539-544. 



76 NOTES. 



Note 8, page 22. 

Mere discovery of a country, uot followed by actual possession, confers no 
title. This principle of public law was laid down and acted upon by Elizabeth, 
Queen of England, as far back as 1580, when resisting the exclusive pretensions 
of Spain to the New World. " As she did not acknowledge the Spaniards to 
have any title by donation of the Bishop of Rome, so she knew no right they had 
to any places other than those they were in actual possession of; for their having 
touched only here and there upon a coast, and given names to a few rivers, or 
capes, were such insignificant things as could in no ways entitle them to a pro- 
priety, farther than in the parts where they actually settled, and continued to 
inhabit."* The right derived from the Cabots, which had not even the plea of 
"having touched here and there on a coast" to support it, thus falling to the 
ground — for what was good as against Spain for England, must be admitted 
good also against the latter for the Dutch — the only remaining title in favor of 
England to this continent rests on the colonization of Virginia. This did not 
extend farther north than the Chesapeake or James river. Actual settlement 
and continual habitation, which Queen Elizabeth laid down as necessary to 
make out a title, were, therefore, wanting to establish the English right to the 
country first discovered and now actually possessed by the Dutch. To call 
these "intruders," was, in the words of Louis XIV, "a species of mockery;" 
they had as good a right to reclaim the American wilderness as any other Euro- 
pean power, and so long as they could show all the prerequisites insisted on 
by England in 1580 to establish a title, theirs must be considered unobjection- 
able. This view of the case is only strengthened by an examination of the 
New England patent, granted by James I to the Plymouth Company. This 
charter conveyed all the country from forty to forty-eight degrees of north lati- 
tude, with this express reservation, however : " Provided, always, that the 
said islands, or any of the said premises hereinbefore mentioned, ... be 
not actually possessed or inhabited by any other Christian Prince or Estate." 
The Dutch had actual possession of New Netherland many years before the 
issue of this patent, and the reservation in favor of the rights of others which 
that document contains, was a full and perfect acknowledgment of the sound- 
ness of their title, t — O^Callaghan^s History of New Netherland, II, 343-4. 



* Camden, Kerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Aunales, regnante Elizabetha, Svo. Leyden, 
1639, p. 328. '• Proscriptio sine possessione hand valeat," was the principle laid down in this 
case. 

t See Patent in Hazard, I, 111. Consult further, " A State and Representation of the Bounds 
of the Province of New York against the claim of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay," &c., 
in the Journals of the New York Prov. Assembly; also, Lettres du Comte d'Estrades, Lond. Svo. 
1748, III, 340, for the letter of the King of France, in which he states that after examination of 
both sides of the question, the right of the Dutch to the country is, in his estimation, the best 
established—" le mieux fond6." 

156 



NOTES. Il 



Note 9, page 22. 

Sebastian Cabot, an eminent navigator, was the sou of Jolin Cabot, a 
Venetian. The place of his birth has been a subject for some difference of 
opinion ; some claiming the honor for Venice ; others, for Bristol, England. 
In 1497, when about twenty years of age, he accompanied his father in the 
voyage in which the continent of the New World was discovered. In the year 
1498, he made another voyage to this continent, which he reached somewhere 
between the 55th and 67th degrees of latitude, when he sailed south and returned 
home. About the year 1517 he sailed on another voyage of discovery, and 
went to the Brazils, and thence to Hispaniola and Porto Rico. Failing in his 
object of finding a way to the East Indies, he returned to England. Having 
been invited to Spain, where he was received in the most respectful manner 
by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, he made a voyage of discovery in 
April, 1525 ; visited the coast of Brazil, and entered a great river, to which he 
gave the name of Rio de la Plata. He sailed up this river one hundred and 
twenty leagues. After being absent on this expedition a number of years, he 
returned to Spain in the spring of 1531. He made other voyages, of which no 
particular memorials remain. His residence was at the city of Seville. His 
employment as Chief Pilot was the drawing of charts, on which he delineated 
all the new discoveries made by himself and others ; and, by his office, he 
was entrusted with the reviewing of all projects for discovery. His character 
is said to have been gentle, friendly, and social, though in his voyages some 
instances of injustice towards the natives and of severity towards his marin- 
ers, are recorded. In his advanced age he returned to England ; received 
a pension from Edward VI, and was appointed governor of a company of mer- 
chants, associated for the purpose of making discoveries. He had a sti-ong 
persuasion that a passage might be found to China by the northeast. By his 
means a trade was commenced with Russia, which gave rise to the Russian 
company. The last account of him is, that in 1556, when the company were 
sending out a vessel for discovery, he made a visit on board. " The good old 
gentleman, master Cabota," says the journal of the voyage in Hakluyt, "gave 
to the poor most liberal alms, wishing them to pray for the good fortune and 
prosperous success of our pinnace. And then at the sign of St. Christopher, 
he and his friends banqueted, and for very joy, that he had to see the towai-d- 
ness of our intended discovery, he entered into the dance himself among the 
rest of the young and lusty company ; which being ended, he and his friends 
departed, most gently commending us to the governance of Almighty God." 
He died shortly afterwards, at the age of 80 years, but the place where he was 
buried is not known. He was one of the most extraordinary men of the age in 
which he lived. There is preserved in Hakluyt a complete set of instructions, 
drawn and signed by Cabot, for the direction of the voyage to Cathay in 

157 



18 NOTES. 

China, which aflfords the clearest proof of his sagacity. It is supposed that he 
was the first who noticed the variations of the magnetic needle. He published 
also a large map, which was engraved by Clement Adams, and hung up in the 
gallery at Whitehall ; and on this map was inscribed a Latin account of the 
discovery of Newfoundland.— BeZfcna^'s Amer. Biog., I, 149-158; Mass. Mag., 
II, 467-471; Hakluyt, I, 226, 268, 274; Campbell's Admirals, I, 419; Rccs' 
Cyclopedia ; Petri Martyr. Be Novo Orbe, Paris, 1587, pp. 232, 589 ; Bancroft's 
Hist. U. States, I, 7-14 ; 2 Notes and Queries, V, 1, 154, 193, 263, 285. 

Note 10, page 22. 

Sir John Vaughan, Kt., was born in Cardiganshire in 1608, and educated at 
Worcester school and at Christchurch, Oxford, whence he removed to the Inner 
Temple, where he contracted an intimacy with Selden, who made him one of 
his executors. During the Rebellion, he led a retired life, but at the Restora- 
tion was elected to Parliament for Cardiganshire. In 1668, he became Chief 
Justice of tlie Common Pleas, and died in 1674. His reports and arguments 
were published in 1677, by his son, Edward Vaughan, Esq., in 1 vol. folio. 

Note 11, page 22. 

The precise Latitude of the City Hall, New York, is 40 deg., 42 min., 43 sec. ; 
Longitude west from Greenwich Observatory, 74 deg., 3 sec. See Map B, No. 2, 
Hudson River (lower sheet) ; accompanying Report of the U. S. Coast Survey 
during the year 1855. Washington: Nicholson. 1856. 

Note 12, page 22. 

Richard Norwood is principally famous for having been one of the first who 
measured a degree of the Meridian. He wrote Trignometry, or Doctrine of 
Triangles ; Fortification ; the Seaman's Practice ; Epitome and Logarithmic 
Tables ; also, Letters and Papers in the Philosophical Transactions on the Tides 
and on the Whale Fishery. 

Andrew Norwood his son had been a resident of the West Indies, and com- 
municated to the Royal Society, in 1668, " Observations in Jamaica." He 
seems to have immigrated to New York before the assumption of the govern- 
ment by Sir Edmund Andros ; for, in March, 1672, an order was issued to 
lay out two towns or townships on Staten Island, and in September follow- 
ing he received a grant of one hundred and fifty acres of land on the shore 
of Staten Island, near the present Quarantine ground. On the 29th of Sep- 
tember, 1676, this grant was increased by Governor Andros to three hundred 
and ninety-seven acres. In September, 1677, he received an additional grant 
of twenty-five acres, making his farm four hundred and twenty acres in all. — 
N. Y. Patents. In 1677 he was appointed surveyor of that locality, as appears 
by the following 



NOTES. "79 

Commission for Mr. Andrew Norieood to be Surveyor for Staten Island. 
By the Governor. 
These are to authorize and Appoint you Mr. Andrew Norwood to be Surveyor 
of Staten Island, where you are to Survey and lay out such Lotts or Parcels of 
land, as you shall be employed about, of which to make due returues accord- 
ing to Law, And in all matters relating thereunto to behave yourselfe according 
to the duty and place of Surveyor. Given under my hand in New Yorke, this 
12th day of November, 1677. 

E. ANDROS. S. 
N. Y. Warrants, Orders, Passes, &c., 1674-1678, XXXII, 291. 

It appears that Mr. Norwood returned to, and died in, the West Indies ; for, 
I find that his will, dated 24th of April, 1684, was admitted to probate in the 
island of St. Christopher. In virtue of this will, the above mentioned pro- 
perty on Staten Island, came into the possession of his son, Henry Norwood of 
Jamaica, who sold it in 1697, to Antony Bigg of Port Royal, for the sum of 
.£300 Jamaica currency. Biggs sold the property to John Stout of the same 
place, in 1698, for an advance of about £10. — N. Y. Deed Book, IX, 584. This 
transaction will, when compared with present prices, afford an opportunity of 
forming an idea of the advance in value of real estate on Staten Island. 

Note 13, page 22. 

Philip Wells. The earliest notice that I can find of this gentleman is in the 
year 1675, when he was authorized to receive the county rates in the absence 
of Sheriff Salisbury, who had gone to England. Hence it is inferred, that he 
came to New York in 1674 with Governor Andros, whose " Steward " he is said 
to have been. In 1676, he was appointed receiver of the debts due to the late 
Dutch West India Company, and is next called " Commissary to the Gan-ison 
of Fort James at New York," in which capacity he is empowered to draw from 
the collector of that city such duties as that officer might receive, in order to 
support the garrison and pay other.expenses of government. On the 26th Nov. , 
1680, Mr. Wells was appointed Surveyor. He became, in 1684, Surveyor- 
General of the Province and held that office until 1687. He was one of the 
commissioners who ran the boundary line between Connecticut and New York 
in 1684, and being a landed proprietor on Staten Island, is found in the com- 
mission of the peace for the county of Richmond in 1685. In 1686, he was 
appointed surveyor on the part of New York, to determine, with similar func- 
tionaries on the behalf of East and West Jersey, the most northerly branch of 
the Delaware river, and to run a line between these three provinces. No line 
however, was actually run. The instructions to "Philip Wells, Esq., Surveyor- 
General of His Majesty's Province of New York," are in N. Y. Council Minutes, 
V. It was on the occasion of this commission, we presume, that he observed 
the declination of the magnetic needle, as mentioned by Kalm in his notice of 

159 



80 NOTES. 

New York. On quitting the office of Surveyor-General, Mr, Wells retired to 
Staten Island, where we find him residing in 1694. — N. Y. State Records, 

Note 14, page 23. 

SiK Henry Wotton was born at Bocton Hall, Kent, and educated at Win- 
chester and Oxford. He subsequently became secretary to the Earl of Essex, 
hut on the fall of that nobleman, retired to the continent. He returned to 
England on the accession of James I, by whom he was knighted, and sent Am- 
bassador to Venice, and several other courts. He was afterwards appointed 
Provost of Eton, took holy orders, and died in 1639. These words are engraved 
on his tomb: Hie jacet hujus sententi:e primus auctor : Disputandi pruritus, 
ecclesifB scabies. Nomen alias quaere. He wrote. The State of Christendom ; 
Elements of Architecture ; Parallels between Essex and Buckingham ; Charac- 
ters of some of the Kings of England ; Essays on Education ; Poems, printed 
in the Reliquiae Wottonise ; Two Apologies relating to his Album Aphorism : 
An Ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country. 
Some of his religious poems are exquisitely beautiful ; that written On a Bed 
of Sickness, has never been surpassed. — Rose. Sir Dudley Carletou gave him 
the soubriquet of Fabritio. — 2 Notes and Queries, VH, 375. 

Note 15, page 24. 

George Hakewell, D. D., was born in Exeter, England, in 1578, and received 
the rudiments of his education in that city. He entered Oxford as a commoner 
in 1595, and in two years after was elected a Fellow of Exeter college. Having 
received holy orders he traveled on the continent of Europe, and in 1610, 
received his divinity degree. In 1611, he was appointed chaplain to Prince 
Charles, and archdeacon of Surrey in 1616. He subsequently opposed the 
marriage of the Infanta of Spain with the Prince, in consequence of which he 
was dismissed from his chaplaincy in 1621. He afterwards was appointed 
rector of Heantou, Devonshire, and in 1641 was elected rector of Exeter college. 
On the civil war breaking out, he gave in his submission to parliament, and 
spent the remainder of his days in retirement at Heanton, where he died in the 
beginning of April, 1649. His remains were deposited in the chancel of his 
church, and over his grave a stone was laid with this Inscription : Reliquiae 
'Georgii Hakewell, S- Th. D. Archidiaconi Surriae, collegii Exoniensis et hujus 
Ecclesiae Rectoris, in spem resurrectionis hie repositse sunt. An. 1649. setatis 
suae 72, A list of his works is in Wood's AthencB Oxon., II, 66, The most im- 
portant of his writings is : An Apology or Declaration of the Power and Pro- 
vidence of God in the Government of the World, 1627, folio. The learning 
exhibited in this woik is very extensive. — Rose, Biog. Diet., VIII, 174. 



81 



Note 16, page 27. 

William Ashfordby is supposed to have come to this country in 1664. In 
1676 he obtained a patent for one hundred and eight acres of land in Marble- 
towu (Ulster co.), in the neighborhood of " the Indian graves." On the 21st of 
December, 1684, he was appointed High Sheriff of Ulster county, and obtained a 
further grant of eighty-seven acres and a half of land 'in the rear of the tract 
first above mentioned. Yet with all this, whether through want of thrift or of 
industry, Mr. Ashfordby did not prosper. He became considerably indebted ; 
had to mortgage his property, and in 1687, the High Sheriff of Ulster county 
" went for England," leaving behind him his debts and a wife and family. In 
August, 1695, a petition was presented to the Governor and Council of New 
York, from his wife Martha, in behalf of herself and five children, Jolin Bettis 
and Susannah his wife, Mary, Helen, Ann, and Catherine Ashfordby, setting 
forth the fact of his absconding, and praying a grant of the last mentioned 
tract, for herself and children. She received a patent accordingly. Mr. Ash- 
fordby having left no male issue, the name has become extinct in Ulster co. — 
N. Y. Patents, IV, 51, VI, 539 ; N. Y. Col. MSS., XXX, 61, XXXI, iii, 83, XL, 
56; Council Minutes, VII, 153. 



Note 17, page 27. 

Sopus, or Esopus, lies on the west side of the Hudson river, 90 miles north 
of the city of New York. The name belonged originally to the river which 
discharges into the Hudson at this point, and is a modification of the Algonquin 
word Sipous, the literal signification of which, is "River." The first Dutch 
adventurers traded with the Indians here as early as 1614, and though that 
trade was carried on continuously afterwards, there is no evidence of any im- 
provement having been made thereabouts before 1652-3. The neglect of the 
government to extinguish the Indian title to the land before parcelling it out 
to actual settlers, led to two wars with the Aborigines, and greatly retarded the 
advancement of the place, which was not erected into a municipality until 
1661, when the district went by the Dutch name of Wiltwyck, or Indianville. 
Governor Lovelace, however, was the chief promoter of the settlement of the 
Esopus. For, orders having been given to disband the soldiers who had ac- 
companied Colonel Nicolls to this country, gratuitous grants of land were made 
to them in 1668, and two new toM'ns planted. On the IStli September, 1669, 
by the governor's orders, one was called "Marbleton" and theother "Hurley;" 
the latter, after the seat of the Lovelace family in Berkshire, England. On the 
25th of the same month, Witticyck, or " the towne formerly called Sopez, was 
named Kingston ;" some suppose out of respect to the king ; others, however 
are of opinion that the name was borrowed from that of Kingston L'Isle, Berk- 
11 



82 NOTES. 

shire, the seat of the first Lady Lovelace's family. When the Dutch recovered 
the country in 1673, the name of Kingston was changed to Stvaenenburgh, and 
so continued until the English returned under Governor Andros, in 1674. The 
district was organized into a distinct county in 1683, by an act of the Provincial 
Legislature, and was called Ulster, to commemorate the Irish title of the Duke 
of York, who was Earl of Ulster in the peerage of Ireland. — O'Callaghan's Hist. 
New Ncthcrland; N. Y. Colonial MSS., XXII, 99; Laws q/" New York; see 
Note 16 supra. 

Note 18, page 27. 

WiiLLiAM Harvey, M. D., famous for his discovery of the Circulation of the 
Blood, was born in Folkestone, Kent, 2d April, 1578. Having finished his 
education at Cambridge, he passed through several celebrated medical schools 
on the continent, took his degree in 1602, and commenced practice in London, 
where he made his great discovery about the year 1619. He afterwards became 
physician to James I and Charles I. On the breaking out of the civil war he 
retired to Kichmond, and in 1651 appeared his second immortal work : Exer- 
citationes de Generatione Animaliiam. 4to. This great man died 3d July, 
1658, in the 80th year of his age. A monument has been erected to his memory 
at Hempstead in Essex. A splendid quarto edition of all his works was pub- 
lished by the College of Physicians in 1766, to which a life of the author is 
prefixed. — Rose. 

Note 19, page 27. 

George Carew, was the son of the dean of Exeter and Windsor, of the same 
name. Adopting the profession of arms, he was in the expedition to Cadiz, in 
1588-9, and afterwards served with great reputation in Ireland, where he was 
made President of Munster, when, uniting his forces with those of the Earl of 
Thomond, he reduced several castles and strong places, and obtained many 
triumphs. He was likewise a privy councillor in that kingdom. Upon the 
accession of James I, he was constituted lieutenant-general of the ordnance, 
and governor of the Isle of Guernsey, and having married Joyce, only daughter 
and heiress of William CI op ton, Esq., of Clopton in the county of Warwick, 
was elevated to the peerage, on the 4th June, 1 605, as Baron Carew. He was 
made master-general of the ordnance in 1609, and sworn of the privy council, 
and in 1625 created Earl of Totness. "Besides," says Dugdale, "these his 
noble employments, 'tis not a little observable, that, being a great lover of an- 
tiquities, he wrote an historical account of all those memorable passages, which 
hapned in Ireland, during the term of those three years, he continued there, 
intituled Hibemia Pacata, printed at London, in 1633, and that he made an 
ample collection of many chronological and choice observations, as also ol 

162 



NOTES. 83 

divers exact maps, relating to sundry parts of that realm, some whereof are 
now in the public library at Oxford, but most of them in the hands of Sir 
Robert Shirley, Bart., of Stanton Harold, in the county of Leicester, bought of 
his executors." His lordship died 27th March, 1629, at the Savoy in the Strand, 
" in the suburbs of London," leaving an only daughter and heiress. — Burke; 
Beatson. 

Note 20, page 28. 

Charles Blount, eighth Baron Mountjoy of Thurveston, in the county of 
Derby, succeeded to the title on the death of his brother in 1594. This noble- 
man, when a commoner, being a person of high military reputation, had a 
command in the fleet which defeated the famous Spanish Armada, and a few 
years afterwards succeeded the Earl of Sussex in the governorship of Portsmouth. 
In 1597, his lordship was constituted Lieutenant of Ireland ; and in two years 
afterwards repulsed the Spaniards, with great gallantry, at Kinsale. Upon the 
accession of James I, he was reinvested with the same important office, and 
created, by letters patent,' dated 21st July, 1603, Earl of Devonshire, being made 
at the same time a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter. The high 
public character of the earl was, however, considerably tarnished by one act of 
his private life, the seduction of Penelope, sister of the Earl of Essex, and wife 
of Robert, Lord Rich. By this lady he had several children ; and upon his 
return from Ireland, finding her divorced from her husband, he married her, 
at Wanstead in Essex, on the 26th of December, 1605, the ceremony being per- 
formed by his chaplain, Wiliam Laud, afterward Archbishop of Canterbury. 
Camden says, that this nobleman was so eminent for valor and learning, that 
in those respects, " he had no superior, and but few equals," and his secretary 
Moryson, writes, "that he was beautiful in person as well as valiant; and 
learned as well as wise." His lordship died on the 3d April, 1606, and leaving 
no legitimate issue, all his honors became extinct. — Burke, Ext. and Dorm. 
Peerage. 

Note 21, Page 29. 

AbekgtniAns. The several scattered tribes from the Pockanockets of Ply- 
mouth colony to the Piscataqua river, were called Northern Indians, and by 
some Aberginians. — Hutchinson's Mass., I, 407. The name enters into Mr. 
Gallatin's vocabulary as an Indian word (Synopsis of Indian Tribes, 312), but 
it seems to be rather a corruption of Aborigines. 

Note 22, page 30. 

William Camden, a learned antiquary, was born in the Old Bailey, London, 
on the 2d May, 1551. He received the first rudiments of knowledge at Christ- 
church Hospital, and was afterwards sent to Dr. Colet's free school, near St. 



84 



Paul's. In 1566, he was sent to the university at Oxford, where he remained 
until 1571, when he returned to London. In 1575 he obtained the place of 
second master of Westminster school. He now devoted himself to his favorite 
studies, and in 1582 brought out his Britannia : sive Regnorum Auglise, Scotise, 
HiberHiee, and Insularum adjacentium Descriptio ; 8vo.; Maps. In 1593, he 
was made head master of Westminster school, and published a Greek Gram- 
mar in 1597. The first part of the Annals of Queen Elizabeth appeared in 1615, 
under this title — Rerum Anglicarum and Hibernicarum Annales regnante Eli- 
zabetha ; the second half followed in 1627, after the author's death ; both were 
published in London in folio. After passing through several editions, this 
work was translated into English and printed also in folio. After a life of great 
literary industry and labor, he paid his last debt to nature at Chiselhurst, Kent, 
on the 9th November, 1623. His remains were^interred in Westminster Abbey, 
where a, monument, with a suitable inscription, was erected to his memory. 
A full list of Camden's works will be found in Wood's Athen. Oxon. I, 412. 



Note 23, page 30. 

Stephen Skinner, M. D., was born in or near London in 1623, and entered 
Christ church, Oxon, in 1638, but before he could obtain a degree, the rebellion 
broke out, so that he was obliged to resort to the continent to continue his 
studies. In 1646, he returned to Oxford and took both the degrees in arts, and 
subsequently received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the university of 
Heidelberg, and was admitted ad eundem by the university at Oxford, in 1664, 
in which year he settled at Lincoln, where he practised his profession. He 
died in that city on the 5th September, 1667, and was buried in the cathedral. 
His works were published in one folio volume at London, in 1671, with this 
title : Etymologicon lingiiae Anglicanse, under the care and superintendence of 
Mr. Thomas Henshaw, a learned critic. — Wood's Athen. Oxon. II, 287. 



Note 24, page 33. 

For an interesting account of Indian currency, the reader is referred to Den- 
ton's Brief Description of New York : formerly called New Netherland. New 
York: Gowans, 1845. 8vo p. 42. 

Note 25, page 34. 

The following clippings from newspapers, show the prices of Negro slaves in 
this country in 1859 : 

Sale of Negroes— High Prices. — Twenty-eight negroes were sold on Tues- 
day last, at McDonough, in Henry county, Va. The aggregate amount of the 

164 



85 



sales was $22,309, being an average of $796. We select the following from the 
list, as an evidence of the high prices paid : One boy, field hand, 18 years old, 
$1,640; three boys, 14 years old— one $1,440, one $1,282, another $1,207; two 
boys, 10 years old— one $902, the other $806; one 7 years old, $726, one avo- 
man, 23 years old, with three boys — one 5 years, one 3 years, and one 8 
months, $1,995; one woman, 23 years old, with two children — a boy 3 years, a 
girl 18 months old, $2,305; seven girls sold at the following prices — one 19 
years old, $1,200; one 15 years, $1,023; one 16 years, $1,100; one 12 years, 
$400; one 7 years, $705; one 7 years, $778. — Atlanta American. 

Prices at Richmond, July 25: No. 1 men, 20 to 26 years old, from $1,450 to 
$1,500; best grown girls, 17 to 20 years old, from $1,275 to $1,325; girls from 
15 to 17 years old, $1,150 to $1,250; girls from 12 to 15 years old, $1,000 to $1,100; 
best plough boys, 17 to 20 years old, $1,350 to $1,425 ; boys from 15 to 17 years 
old, $1,250 to $1,375 ; boys from 12 to 15 years old, $1,100 to $1,200. 

Price of Slaves in Missouri. — At a sale of slaves that took place last Mon- 
day, says the St. Louis Rcptiblican of the 20th inst., at Bowling Green in this 
state, the following prices were obtained: Negro man, 50 years old, $845, do., 
55, $795, negro woman, 60, $195; do., 40, 801 ; negro girl, 13, $1,187 ; do., 10, 
$900; do., 6, $535. 

Note 26, page 36. 

Adam de Marisco, a native of Somerset, England, was a Franciscan monk 
and a doctor at Oxford, and acquired such a great reputation in the thirteenth 
century, by his learning, as to be surnamed Doctor Illustratus. In Italy, he 
was on intimate terms with and greatly esteemed by, St Anthony of Padua, 
and in England much thought of by Robert Greathead, bishop of Lincoln, 
1235-1254. He was named bishop of Ely circa 1256, but declined the dignity on 
learning that the pope had already nominated Hugh de Balsham to that see. 
He wrote on Tlie Song of Songs; Questions of Theology; Paraphrases on St. 
Denis, the Areopagite; and died in, or about the year 1267. — Moreri, Grand 
Diet. Hist. ; Luiscius, Algem. Wordcnbock. 

Note 27, page 36. 

Tamahican is a word common to most of the Algonquin dialects. Its root 
may perhaps be found in the verb ehouen, to strike, or knock. — Mithridatcs, 
III, iii, 354. " Tomahawk " is the Indian word anglicized. 

Note 28, Page 36. 

Henry Somerset, 1st Marquis of Worcester, was the son of Edward, 4th Earl 
of Somerset, to whose honors he succeeded in 1628. He was a nobleman of 
great piety and parts, and one of the richest of the English peers. He spent 

165 



86 NOTES. 

his fortune in the service of Charles I, for whom he defended tlie castle of Rag- 
land against the rebels till the conclusion of the war, when it was surrendered 
on terms (August, 1646), which, however, were basely violated, and his lord- 
ship died a prisoner, in December of the same year. The Marquis of Worcester 
had early embraced the Catholic faith, and there appeared after his death, 
"Certamen Religiosum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and Henry 
late Marquis of Worcester, concerning religion;" "The Golden Apothegms of 
King Charles I. and Henry Marquis of Worcester." He was father of Edward, 
2d Marquis of Worcester, famous for his connection with the discovery of the 
Power of Steam, and How to Sail against Wind and Tide, which Horace Walpole 
enumerates among "the amazing pieces of folly." — Noble Authors, p. 371, 378. 



Note 29, page 37. 

KiNTAUKADNS. Mucli ignorauce prevails regarding the Indian Kintacaws, 
Some esteem them to have been debauched revels or bacchanalia, and hold them 
in horror, supposing them to be something akin to devil worship. Those who 
had the curiosity to investigate the matter, have given such accounts of the 
conduct of the Indians, on these occasions, as naturally lead to the conclusion 
that they paid a joint homage and supplication to some invisible being. The 
word is derived from the Delaware Gentckehen, to dance; and here it is sup- 
posed lies the key of the mystery. The Indians, it is well known, accompa- 
nied, if not celebrated, all their public acts or events by dances. Van der 
Donck, writing on the subject of the amusements of those people, says: " The 
old and middle aged conclude with smoking, and the young with a kintacaiu.' ' 
It was not restricted to any particular season of the year. During the Esopus 
war there was a kintecaw at the Danskamer, above Newburgh, in the month 
of August, "so that the woods rang again;" in another instance an Indian 
desired to be permitted to dance the kintecaw, before being put to death ; and 
another having been led out to the place of execution, " danced the kinte- 
kayc all the way thither." The " Kintacaw," thus appears to have been 
simply a dance, which, however, received its character from the occasion on 
which it took place. It was a calumet kintecaw on concluding a peace or a 
treaty ; a bear kintecaw, at the conclusion of a successful hunt of that animal ; 
a war kintecaw, on the organization of an expedition against an enemy ; and a 
death kintecaw, when the victim was led bleeding yet dancing to the stake.— 
N. Y. Documentary History, 8vo, IV, 63, 106 ; Smith's History qf New York, 
Alb. ed., 76. See further, DcntOTi's Description of Neio York (Gowans' ed.), 
p. 11, and Carver's Travels, London, 1778, p. 266, for particulars respecting 
the dances of the Indians. 



166 



NOTES. 81 

Note 30, page 38. 

Kakindowet — a Minister : from Kakindowinin, toteach, or preach to several 
pei'sons. 

Note 31, page 39. 

This is a corruption of Jubartes, one of the names given to the humpbacked 
whales. Anderson, in his acconnt of Iceland, gives it as Jupiter fish, and this has 
been erroneously supposed to be the derivation of the term. David Crantz, in 
his history of Greenland, furnishes the clue to its name, when he says of the 
Jupiter fish, that the " Spanish whalers call it Gubartas, from an excrescence 
near the tail." Lacepede and Cuvier describe the gibbar and the Jubarte. 
Cuvier especially says that these names are given to them by the Basques. 
Now, Jorobado in Spanish means humpback, and its root is evidently the Latin 
gibbus. 

The Basque whalers were the first to pursue the whale to its northern haunts, 
and in the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and English 
took up the whaling business, the Basques were their instructors. This will 
account for the adoption of the word jubarte into the English and Dutch lan- 
guages. See Histoirc des Peches, vol. 1. Kline and other naturalists give the 
the coast of New England as its peculiar resort, and John Edward Gray, in his 
excellent catalogue of cetacea in the British Museum, gives the Megaptera 
Americana, or Bermuda humpback, which reaches a length of 88 feet, as the 
probable Jubartes of whalers. — N, Y. Historical Magazine, III, 52-3. 

Note 32, page 40. 

Sir Thomas Browne, Kt., was born in London, 19th November, 1605. Having 
been educated near Winchester, he entered Pembroke college, Oxford, in 
the beginning of the year 1623, and having taken his degree in arts, proceeded 
to Leyden, where he was made Doctor of Medicine. He settled at Norwich, 
where he practised his profession for many years. His famous work, Religio 
Medici, was published in 1642. This was followed by Pseud. Epidem. En- 
quiries into very many received Tenents and commonly presumed Truths, or 
Enquiries into Common and Vulgar Errours ; London, 1646 ; small folio. This 
work, which is still popular, has gone through many editions. Nature's Cabinet 
Unlocked ; Urn Burial ; the Garden of Cyrus, and a volume of Miscellanies, 
are also by the same author, who received the honor of knighthood in 1671, 
and died at Norwich in the year 1682. He was interred in St. Peter's church, 
where a monument was erected to his memory. A copy of the inscription 
on his monument is in Wood's Athcn. Oxon. II, 536. 

167 



NOTES. 



Note 33, page 41. 

John Robinson was a mercliant of New York as early as 1676, where he mar- 
ried Gritie, widow of Cornelis Dircksen. In 1678 he hired a dwelling house 
on the east side of the city " towards the fortification near the water portt," 
and purchased, in November, 1679, for i:i20, the Shottwell farm containing 
38;^ acres of land. This farm was situate on the east side of the city, and 
was hounded on the S. W. by the land of John Bassett, and on the N. W. by 
John Young's land. It included a run of water called Saw-mill creek, and a 
leather mill which Shottwell had erected thereupon, also a pond of water 
ranging N. E. unto the woods 120 rods. On the first of January, 1680, Mr. 
Robinson sold one-half the Shottwell farm, mill and water privileges, to John 
Lewin and Robert WooUey, merchants of London, for the sum of .£60, and the 
property passed subsequently into the hands of William Coxe, Robinson's 
partner in trade.— iV. Y. Book of Deeds, V, 113, VI, 208, 414. Mr. Valentine's 
impression is, that this farm was on the west side of Pearl, and north of Pine 
street. Mr. William J. Davis, another well known antiquary of New I'ork, 
adds : " In Common Council in 1680, a resolution was passed that the water 
lots between John Robinson's and William Beeckman's lands along the Smith's 
valley be sold at auction to pay some public assessments. (The Smith's valley 
extended from Cedar nearly to Beekman street.) The Damen farm adjoined 
Wall street on the north; next to which was Mrs. Tysen's, and John Robinson's 
land probably joined her's. Hence, I think it evident that the 'Orchard,' 
extended from about Cedar sti'eet to Maiden lane." Thereabouts, probably, 
in the heart of the Second ward of the city, was the scene of the Bear hunt 
referred to by Mr. Woolley. New York is still famous for hunting Bears, but 
the amusement has been transferred to a locality further to the south, and 
known by the name of Wall street. In the same vicinity, the first Methodist 
church iia the city was erected, and thereabouts, too, the late Washington 
Irving, whose death a nation still mourns, first saw the light of day. 

Mr. Robinson was alderman for the Westward in 1683, 1684 and 1685, but did 
not decease in New York. Dirck van der Clifi", Robinson's brother in law, 
owned, east of the Shottwell farm, an orchard through which a street was 
afterwards run, and called Cliff street, after the said Dirck van der Clifl'. 



Note 34, page 42. 

Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir Robert Christopher, Knt., of Alford 
in Lincolnshire, married Bennett, second Lord Sherard on the Irish peerage, 
by whom she had one son and two daughters. One of these married Edward, 
Lord Viscount Irwin, a-id the other, the Duke of Rutland. She lost her bus- 
ies 



NOTES. 



89 



band in the year 1700. Her son Bennett succeeded to the title that year, and 
was created Lord Harborough in 1714, and Earl of Harborough in 1719. His 
lordsliip married Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Calverly. 



Note 35, page 45. 

Me-ta-ow. Bishop Baraga, in his Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language, 
says , Mideio means an Indian of the order of the Grand Medicine, Midewiwin 
being the name of that order. And in the Rev. Mr. Dougherty's Chippewa 
Primer, p. 4 1 , Metawa means— he dances (at a feast). As part of the Indian cure 
consists of tlie dancing of the physician, perhaps the root of the Indian word 
in the text may be thus arrived at. 



Note 3G, Page 47. 

Captain John Manning came to New York with Governor Nicollsin 1664, and 
in September of that year accompanied Colonel Cartwright in his expedition for 
the reduction of Fort Orange, where he attended and was a witness to the first 
treaty which the English concluded with the Five Nations.— i\r. Y. Gen. Ent., I, 
42. After the surrender of the place he was left in charge of the fort [Ibid. 45), 
In 1667, he was appointed Sheriff of the city of New York (Ord. War. and Letters. 
II, 177, 188), and held that office until 1672 inclusive. In 1669 he was named a 
member of the commission sent the same year to the Esopus, to regulate the 
affairs of that district {Ibid ; Council Min., Ill, 12, 434, 530, 535) ; also, justice for 
the West Riding of Yorkshire, and acted as high Sheriffof Yorkshire from 1671 
to 1673. — Gen. Ent., IV, 201. During the administration of Colonel Lovelace, he 
seems to have been high in the confidence of that governor, of whose council he 
was a member, and who, whenever called by business to any distance from 
the city, always left Fort James and the public peace in charge of Captain 
Manning (see Instruc, ibid., 243). It was whilst charged with these duties in 
1671, that an express arrived from Albany at New York with the fearful news of 
the approach of the French. Manning forthwith dispatched an express to 
Governor Lovelace, who was at Staten Island. Instead of approving his officer's 
activity, the latter was snubbed by the governor for his '* impatience."— Court 
of Assize Record, 732. Whether discouraged by this reception or, as he him- 
self admits, hopeless of making any effectual defence, he made no resistance 
when the wolf came actually, in 1673, in the shape of the Dutch, but uncondi- 
tionally surrendered the country to them, and went back to England, where he 
arrived in January, 1674, his wife having died on the passage. He immediately 
waited on the King and the Duke of York and the principal officers of state, on 
which occasion the King gave it as his opinion that Fort James was not tenable. 
Captain Manning returned to New York in the Diamond frigate with Governor 
12 169 



90 



Aiidros in 1674, and soon after was tried by court martial on charges of treach- 
ery and cowardice. He was acquitted of treachery, but found guilty of every 
other charge, and on 5th February, 1675, sentenced "to be carried back to 
prison and from thence brought out to the publick place before the City Hall, 
there to have his sword broken over his head, and from that time be rendered 
uncapable of wearing a Sword or serving his Majesty in any publick employ or 
place of benefitt and Trust within the Government." — N. Y. Doc. Hist., 8vo, 
ni, 80-100; N. Y. Council Min., Ill, ii, 24. Thereupon he retired to his 
Island, where, according to Mr. Wooley's account, he does not seem to have 
permitted his disgrace to disturb his philosophy. 

Manning's Island was called Minnahanock by the Indians ;* Varken (or Hog) 
Island by the Dutch ; it had been purchased originally by Governor Van Twiller 
in 1637, and granted in 1651 to Captain Francis Fyn, who figures in a lampoon 
against Governor Stuyvesant about that time [O'Callaghan's New Netherlands 
II, 181, 581). On the breaking out of the war against the Dutch in 1666, it was 
confiscated. On the 8th February, 1668, it was granted to Captain Manning, 
whereupon it passed by the name of " Manning's Island." On the 1st of August 
following, Captain Manning executed a deed conveying the island to Matthias 
Nicolls, in trust, for the use of the said Manning during his life, and after his 
decease for the use of his wife, if she should survive him, and after their de- 
cease, entailing it on Mary Manningham, daughter of Mrs. Manning by a 
former husband, and the heirs of her body, and for want of such heirs, after 
her death, to her brother Henry Manningham and his heirs. — N. Y. Patents, I, 
99, 146. In 1676 (the year after Captain Manning was " broke "), the above 
named Mary Manningham married Robert Blackwell, "late of Elizabethtown, 
in New Jersey, merchant" {N. Y. Deed Book, I, 130) ; the property in conse- 
quence was, after Cajjtain Manning's death, called " Blacktoell's Island," which 
name it bears at present. It is now the property of the city of New York, and 
is occupied by a Penitentiary, Alms House, Lunatic Asylum, Hospital, and 
similar institutions. It contains 120 acres, and cost the city of New York 
$50,000. The date of Captain Manning's death is not ascertained. He seems, 
however, to have been alive in 1686, when there was some difficulty between 
him and Mrs. Blackwell respecting the island, and she entered a caveat against 
the is.suing of any patent to him for it, for a longer term than liis life. 



Note 37, page 48. 

Henry Hammond, D. D., was born on 26th August, 1605, in Surrey, England. 
His father was physician to the Prince Henry, son of James 1, after whom he 
was called. Having gone through his studies at Eton and Oxford, he devoted 



* Minnahanock is clBrived from the Mohegan word Minauhan, an island, and tick, a termination 
signifying locality, and means literally, " At the Island." 



NOTES. 



91 



himself to the study of theology, and received holy orders in 1629, and in 1633 
was appointed rector of Penhurst, Kent. In 1643, he was made archdeacon of 
Chichester, but on the breaking out of the civil war, he became obnoxious to 
the party in the ascendant, on account of his attachment to his sovereign, and 
was obliged to remain concealed for several years, during which he composed 
various works in English and Latin; these were aiterwards published 
in London, 4 vols, folio. His principal works are : Practical Catechism, or 
Abridgment of Chri.-tian Morals ; Notes on the New Testament and on the 
Psalms. M. le Clerc wrote a criticism on some of these notes. When Charles 
II. was about to be recalled, Dr. Hammond was placed in charge of the diocese 
of Worcester, of which see he, without doubt, would have been appointed 
bishop, had he lived ; but his life was unfortunately cut short on the 25th 
April, 1660, in the 55th year of his age. 



Note 38, page 49. 
Anciext Fuxeral Customs.— The following is copied from a memoir read 
by Judge Benson before the New York Historical Society in 1816 : "A family 
in Albany, and from the earliest time, of the name of Wyngaard. The 
last, in the male line, Lucas Wyngaard, died about sixty years ago, never 
married, and leaving estate : the invitation to his funeral very general. Those 
who attended, returned after the interment, as was the usage, to the house of 
the deceased at the close of the one day, and a number never left it until the 
dawn of the nest. In the course of the night a pipe of wine, stored in the cellar 
for some years before for the occasion, drank ; dozens of papers of tobacco 
consumed; grosses of pipes broken : scarce a whole decanter or glass left; and, 
to crown it, the pall-bearers made a bonefire of their scarves on the hearth." 
When Philip Livingston of New York died in 1749, his funeral expenses 
amounted to the sum of five hundred pounds, or $1,250. On that occasion 
two ceremonies were performed; one at his manor among his tenantry, and 
one at his residence in New York. At each place a pipe of wine was spiced for 
the guests. The bearers at the several places were presented with mourning 
rings, silk scarfs and handkerchiefs. The eight bearers in New York had each 
a gift of a monkey spoon (that is having a monkey carved on the handle), and 
at the manor all the tenantry had a gift of a pair of black gloves and a hand- 
kerchief. In a later period Gov. Wm. Livmgston wrote in the Independent 
Reflector of 1753, his objections to extravagance in funerals, and his wife, it 
was said, was the first who ventured as an example of economy, to substitute 
linen scarfs for the former silk ones.— Watson's Olden Times of Nctu York, 
308. These customs continued down to a late period. Professor Morse 
writing in 1789, says : Their funeral ceremonies are equally singular. None 
attend them without a previous invitation. At the appointed hour they meet 

171 



92 NOTES. 

at the neighboring houses or stoops, until the corpse is brought out. Ten or 
twelve persons are appointed to take the bier all together, and are not relieved. 
The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk to the grave, nor 
even attend the funeral, unless of a near relation) to fall into the procession. 
They go to the grave, and return to the house of mourning in the same order. 
Here the tables are handsomely set and furnished with cold and spiced wine, 
tobacco and pipes, and candles, paper, &c., to light them. The conversation 
turns upon promiscuous subjects. — MunsdVs Annals qf Albany, I, 315. 

Robert Townsend, Esq., of Albany, informs us, that he was told by his 
mother, recently deceased, that a similar custom was observed as late as 1810, 
after the interment of General Ten Broeck, one of the most respectable citizens 
of the state of New York. Those invited to the funeral returned to the family 
mansion, where a cask of Madeira which had been stowed away by the old 
gentleman many years before, was, in accordance with the ancient usage, 
broached for the guests ; and several hogsheads of Beer were rolled out on 
the lawn in front of the house for the free use of all comers. It is only proper 
to add, that this singular custom died out with the last generation. 

Note 39, page fil. 

This is a Narragansett word. "After harvest, after hunting, when they enjoy 
a calm of peace, health, plenty, prosperity, then the Indians have Nickommo, 
a feast, especially in winter. He or she who maketh this Nickommo, feast or 
dance, besides the feasting, of sometimes twenty, fifty, an hundred, yea, I have 
seen near a thousand persons at one of these feasts, — give a great quantity of 
money, and all sorts of their goods, according to and sometimes beyond their 
estate, in several small parcels of goods or money, to the value of eighteen 
pence, two shillings, or thereabouts, to one person ; and that person that re- 
ceives this gift, upon the receiving it, goes out, and hollows thrice for the 
health and prosperity of the party that gave it, the master or mistress of the 
feast. By this feasting and gifts, the devil drives on their worships pleasantly 
(as he doth all false worships, by such plausible earthly arguments of uniform- 
ities, universalities, antiquities, immunities, dignities, rewards unto submitters, 
and the contrary to refusers) so that they run far and near and ask, Awaiin 
Nickommit, Who makes the feast?" — Roger Williams^ Key unto the Language 
qf the Indians of New England. 

Note 40, page 52. 

Nut signifies "Belly" in the Etchemin dialect; Notasung is the corresponding 
Delaware word ; Nutah, the Nanticoke. Reference is made to these Notas, or 
Denotas, by Van der Donck in the " Great Remonstrance of New Netherland," 
where they are described as Bags wherewith the Indians measured their 
corn.— iV. Y. Colonial Documents, I, 281. 

172 



93 



Note 41, page 53. 

Wass-ka-nek signifies a Torch ; the Algonkin word for Light is, Waselenican. 
Du PoxcEAU, Mem. sur Us Langucs Indiennes, p. 265; from Washsayah, or 
Wacheyek, the light. — Dougherty's Chippewa Primer, p. 47. 

Note 42, page 54. 

The reader is referred to " Denton's Brief Description of New York :" Gow- 
ans, 1 845, p. 36, for further particulars respecting the Long Island Indians. 

Note 43, page 57. 

WiLHELMUS VAN NiEDWENHUYZEN. The Reformed Dutch church of the city 
of New York being, in consequence of the incapacity of the Rev. Mr. Drisius, 
wholly destitute of a minister in 1670, an invitation, or call, was sent to Holland 
for a clergyman, with a guarantee from Governor Lovelace that he should re- 
ceive an annual salary of 1000 guilders, equal to $400, with a house free of rent, 
and firewood without charge. — iV. Y. Col. Doc, III, 189. The Rev. Mr Nieuw- 
enhuyzen came, in consequence, to New York in the coui'se of the summer of 
1671, as colleague to the Rev. Mr. Drisius, who dying in 1672, Mr. Van Nieuw- 
enhuyzen succeeded as sole minister to the church, being the seventh in suc- 
cession from the Rev. Mr. Michaelius. A few years after, namely in 1675, he 
had a difficulty with the Rev. Nicholas Van Renselaer, a minister of Albany, 
who, he asserted, " aloude in ye street," was not "a Lawful! minister nor his 
admittance at Albany lawfull ;" maintaining "afterwards at Mr. Ebbing's, 
one of the elders," that no one having orders from the Church of England had 
sufficient authority to be admitted to administer the sacraments (Mr. Van 
Renselaer having received holy orders from the Rt. Rev. John Earle, Bishop of 
Salisbury, 1663-1665). The matter begat such excitement that it was brought 
before the governor and council on the 25th September. On that occasion, Mr. 
Van Renselaer exhibited proofs of his having been chaplain to the Dutch am- 
bassador at London, and afterwards minister to the Dutch church at West- 
minster, and lecturer at St. Margaretts Loathbury, London. Mr. Van Nieuw- 
enhuyzen was tliereupon called on to declare whether a minister ordained in 
England by a bishop, be not qualified to administer the sacraments. The 
consideration of the case was resumed by the council on the 30th, when Jero- 
nimus Ebbing and Peter Stouteuburg, elders ; Jacob Teunisse Kay, Reyneer 
Willemse, Gerritt Van Tright, Isaac Van Vleck, deacons of the church at New 
York, appeared with their minister l)efore the board. Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen 
*' rather justified himself in his answer;" but he and his church officers finally 
considered it most prudent to yield to Governor Andros, and to admit, " That 

173 



94 NOTES. 

a Minister ordayned in England by the Bishops is every way capable, &c." — 
N. Y. Council Min., Ill, 54-59. Smith in his History of New York, erroneously 
calls this clergyman, "Niewenhyt, minister of the church at Albany," and 
then draws equally erroneous references from tlie dispute above referred to. 
Gideon Schaets was minister of the Reformed Dutch church at Albany at the 
time and for several years after. — N. Y. Doc. Hist., 8vo, III, 878. Equally 
erroneous is another statement, that Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen retired to Brook- 
lyn in 1676. Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen continued in charge at New York until 
his death, which took place in that city on tlie 17th February, 1681. Annekie 
Mauritz, his widow, survived him. It is clear, from the evidence of Mr. 
Wooley, that Mr. Van Nieuwenhuyzen was an accomplished scholar, whilst 
from the same evidence it is also clear, that in his ministry he sometimes 
exhibited more zeal than charity. 

Note 44, page 57. 

Lord George Russell was the youngest son of William 5th Earl and 1st Duke of 
Bedford, and brother of the celebrated Lord William Russell who was beheaded 
in 1683. He was graduated at Magdalen college, Oxford, on the 4th February, 
1666-7, when he was created Master of Arts. After making the tour of Europe 
he entered the army, and came to America. He was in Boston, and presented 
with the freedom of that city in 1680, as we find by the following entry in the 
Records: " 4th February, 1679-80. It is ordered that the hon. George Russell, 
Esq., now resident with us in Boston, be admitted to the freedom of the cor- 
poration, if he please to accept thereof." He accepted of it and took the oath 
13th February following, before the governor and assistants. He was in garri- 
son as an ensign, at Albany, about the year 1687, and in the city of New York 
in 1689 ; when Captain Baxter and he being *' known to be Roman Catholics, 
were for that reason by the Lt. Gov. [Nicholson] and Council to avoid all 
jealou.sies, sent not only out of the garrisons, but even out of the Province." 
He married Mary, daughter and heir of Mr. Pendleten ; and died in the year 
1692, leaving issue one son, who died unmarried. — Wiffen's Hist, of the. House 
of Russell, II, 223, 224; Brydges' Collins, sub titulo "Bedford;" Rec. of the 
Col. of the Mass. Bay, V, 264 ; Hutchinson's Hist, of 3Iass., Salem ed., I, 299 ; 
N. Y. Col. Doc, III, 640, IV, 132 ; N. Y. Council Min., IV, 54. 



Note 45, page 58. 

Frederick Philipse is said to have been a native of Suet Friesland. He was 
born in the year 1625, and immigrated to New Netherland about the year 1658, 
being by trade a carpenter. After his arrival here, he was employed in that 
capacity for some time in the public service, both at Bergen and at Esopus. 
In 1660 he embarked in trade, as appears by the public Records : 

174 



95 



"20th Sept., 1660. It being proposed in Council by the HonWe Director 
General on behalf of Frederick Philipsen, his Honor's late carpenter, that said 
Frederick Philipsen is disposed to make a voyage to Virginia with some iner- 
chandize, if the company's sloop be hired to him, &c." — N. Y. Col. MSS., 
XI, 416 ; Alb. Rec, XIV, 69 ; XXIV, 415. 

A few years after this he married Margaret Hardenbroeck, the widow of Peter 
Rudolfus, a woman who was an active trader among the Indians ; with whom 
he acquired some property, which may be said to have laid the foundation of 
his fortune ;* for he soon became the wealthiest merchant in New York. He 
was appointed one of the aldermen of that city in 1675, and in September of the 
same year was sworn one of the council of Governor Andros. He continued to 
hold a seat in that body twenty-three years, with the exception of the brief 
administration of Jacob Leisler, which he opposed. When Kidd and Red sea 
pirates ilourished in New York, Frederick Philipse became implicated like 
many otliers, in that illegal trade, and was censured by the authorities in Eng- 
land. Finding himself in bad odor, he resigned his seat in tlie council in 1698. 
Mr. Philipse acquired large tracts of land in Westchester county, N. Y., which 
were erected in the year 1693, into the manor of Philipsborough, where he was 
buried in 1702, in the 78th year of his age. His second wife was Catherine Van 
Cortland, widow of John Dervall. 

Note 46, page 60. 

Skating Grounds of New York. — Skating has been always a favorite 
exercise in New York, though we must say, that men and women are no longer 
seen " as it were flying upon their skates from place to place with marketing 
upon their Heads and Backs." The Kolck or Collect, a sheet of fresh water 
which covered the ground now occupied by the halls of justice in Centre street, 
and all that neighborhood, communicated in ancient times with Lespinard's 
pond and meadows, lying between North Moore and Green street, iiear the west 
end of what is at present Canal street. This was the great skating ground of 
the last century, where the gallants of the hour displayed, as a quaint writer 
expresses it, "theire graceful caracoles and pirouettes," ever and anon skim- 
ming at pleasure from one collection of water to the other, under the bridge 
which connected upper with lower Broadway. There William the fourth, late 
King of England, might be seen when "a Middy," attached to the flag ship of 
Rear- Admiral Digby, attended by superior officers, trying his "tacks" on the 
slippery ice, in the winter of 1781-2. Tradition hath it, that a stratagem had 
been planned by certain of Washington's men to capture this royal, scion of the 
house of Hanover, and thereby secure a valuable prize, while enjoying himself 



* The marriage contract between these parties is on record in the Minutes of the Orphan 
Court, City Hall, New York. The published pedigree of the family is incorrect, in many parti- 
culars, as re^'ards its founder in America. 

175 



96 



in his healthful exercise on the Collect pond. It is further said that the project 
had well nigh succeeded. Seemingly in anticipation of that success, one of the 
American papers wrote : " The boy William Henry Guelph, lately arrived at 
New York, will perhaps soon be in our power. In that event we shall not 
visit the sins of the father on the child, but send him home to his mother." 

But those times have passed away, and not a pair of those feet which now 
daily promenade, in patent leather boots, past the Hospital at the head of Pearl 
street, has ever skated on the Collect or Lespinard's meadows. I have myself, 
adds Mr. Gowans, seen people skating between Washington market and Jersey 
city. To the spectators on shore, the skaters whilst whirling about on the 
river, did not appear larger than a good sized turkey in the act of flapping his 
wings; and I have heard that journeys have been performed on skates between 
New York and Albany. 

Modern improvements have driven skating "out of town." When we were 
lads, says the editor of the N. Y. Times and Messenger, the nearest skating 
pond was on Stuyvesant's meadows, which then lay east of the Third avenue, 
and spread away from Eighth street to the river. Next to these, but further 
out, was Cato's pond, nearly up to the old shot-tower. These were fine large 
skating ponds in our eyes, but so terribly far away, that we made our prepara- 
tions for going to them as if for a serious journey. Our pet place, however, was 
smaller, but handier. It was a pond at the corner of Thirteenth street and 
Broadway, nearly a square large. A block and pump maker's shanty, built on 
piles, stood in one edge of it. Why it was built there, we have, in youth, often 
endeavored to imagine, and after much patience of philosophising, came to the 
conclusion that it was for convenience, and to try whether his pumps would 
draw water before he sent them away to be put down in the old-fashioned wells 
at the street corners. 

Accommodation for skaters is, we are happy to record the fact, now provided at 
the public expense. A skating pond of about twenty acres large, admirably 
planned for comfort and adapted for the purpose, has been laid out in the Cen- 
tral Park, where young men have an opportunity of indulging in this healthy 
exercise free from danger. Instead of trudging away on foot for miles, as their 
fathers had to do to get at the skating place, the youth of the present day have 
but to step into one of the avenue cars and bowl off to the Central Park, strap 
their skates, and cut carlicues till their young legs have had enough of it. 

But don't let those merry scamps of boys altogether monopolize the fun. 
Let the girls mount the swift skate also. It is just as healthy for them ; and 
what a charming thing it will be to see five hundred cherry-cheeked, healthy 
beauties — goddesses in crinoline and mortals in plumptitudinous loveliness — 
gliding, whirling, and now and then sitting down, without exactly intending 
it, on the slippery ice. Let the ladies patronise the Central Park skating pond. 
They can make themselves adorable enough in Polish skatiiig costume, to drive 
all the men and boys in New York mad as March hares. Let them remember, 

17C 



NOTES. 91 

too, that the police arrangements for order, propriety and comfort at the pond, 
are perfect, and a lady can enjoy herself there with as absolute comfort as at 
the opera. 

Note 47, page Gl. 

George Heathcote, the Quaker captain. The earliest instance that vre find 
on record of a Quaker commanding a ship is in A^. Y. Col. Documents, II, 461, 
where it stated that such a vessel arrived in the port of New Amsterdam on the 
20th October, 1661, and refused to " strike to the port, being a quaker." The 
ship mentioned in the text was the Hopcivell. She was commanded by George 
Heathcot " of Rattilife in the county of Middlesex, Eng." {N. Y. Deed Book, 
IV, 349), a sturdy Quaker, who " on the first of the sixth month 1672," being 
owner and commander of a ship, was imprisoned by Governor Bellingham of 
Massachusetts, " for delivering him a letter and not putting of his hat."— 
Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, II, 259. Not encouraged by this reception, 
he seems to have subsequently turned his face to New York, from which port 
he sailed for England in August, 1675. — N Y. Council Min., Ill, part ii, 46, 
He returned the following year, having chartered the ship John and Mary of 
Weymouth, and purchased land in New York " above the smith's garden," 
through which a street 25 feet wide was ordered to be opened in 1686. — N. Y. 
Council Min., V, 146, 151. He was master of the "pink Hopewell" in 1679, 
which vessel cleared for London, July 17, 1680 {Orders and Warrants, XXXII, 
21, 26, 94) ; and in this voyage it was that he was accompanied by the Rev. Mr. 
Wooley. The pink Hopewell, George Heathcote, master, cleared from New 
York again for London, 23d June, 1681 (jV. Y. Pass Book, p. 4), on which occa- 
sion he carried William Dyre, the collector of New York, a prisoner to England 
by order of the Court of Assize. Besse says, George Heathcot was fined in Lon- 
don in 1683 for refusing to bear arms. — Opus sup. cit., I, 462. We find him 
again in New York in 1685, in 1688, and in 1691. In 1683 he was master of 
the ship Yorke.— iV. Y. Deed Book, VIII, 208. He subsequently settled in 
Bucks county, Penn. It has been stated that he died unmarried in New 
York in 1685; but this is clearly erroneous. Mr. Heathcote married the 
daughter of Samuel Groom of New Jersey. — N. Y. Council Min., V, 71. Bis 
daughter married John Barber of London ; he had two sisters, one of whom 
was Mrs. Hannah Browne, and the other, Mrs. Anne Lupton ; and he died in 
November, 1710. By his will on file in the Surrogate's office. New York, and 
bearing date 14th November, and proved 24th November of that ye.ir, he 
liberates his three negro slaves, gives 500 acres of land near Shrewsbury, N. J., 
to Thomas Carlton, to be called Carlton settlement, and constitutes his " cozen 
Caleb Heathcote," residuary legatee. 



13 



CATALOGUE OF 

Ancient and Rare American Books, 

FOR SALE AT THE AFFIXED PRICES. 

STORE— 81, 83 and 85 CENTRE STREET, NEW fORR, 

{Two Blocls ihst of Broadway.) 
CATALOGUES SENT GRATIS TO ANY PART OP THE UNITED STATES. 

"Give me leave 
To enjoy myself: that place that does contain 
My BOOKS, the best companions, is to me 
A glorious court, where hourly 1 converse 
With the old sages and philosophers ; 
And sometimes, for variety, I confer 
With kings and emperors, and weigh their counsels ; 
Calling their victories, if unjustly got, 
Unto a strict account, and, in my fancy. 

Deface their ill-placed statues. Can I then * 

Part with such constant pleasures, to embrace 
Uncertain vanities ? No.' be it your care 
To augment a heap of wealth : it shall be mine 
To increase in knowledge by these means." — I . Fletcher. 

" If the price of old books ancnt America whether native or foreign should continue to aug- 
ment in value in the same ratio as they have done for the last thirty years, their prices must 
become fabulous, or rather like the books of the Sibyls, rise above all valuation. In the early 
part of the present century, the Bay Hymn Book (the first book printed -in North America), then 
an exceedingly rare book, no one luould have supposed would bring one hundred dollars ; noiv, a 
copy was lately sold for nearly six hundred, and a perfect copy at this time ivould bring one 
thousand. Elliott's Grammar of the Indian Tongues luas lately sold for $160, a small tract. 
The author's version of the Scriptures into the Indian Language could be purchased .fifty years 
ago for $50, noio it is worth $500 ; Cotton Mather's Magnalia Christi Americana, $6 was then 
thought a good price, now $50 is thought cheap for a good copy ; Smith's History of Virginia 
$30, note $75 ; Stith's History of Virginia, then $5, noiv $20; Smith's History of Neiv Jersey, 
then $2, noiv $20; TJiomas's History of Printing, then $-2, 71010 $15 ; Denton s History of New 
Netherlands, $5, noiv $50. These are but a few out of many hundreds that could be named that 
have risen from trifling to extraordinary prices, in the short space of half a century." 
Western Memorabilia. 




FRANKLIN STREET 




Qv LEO N AR D H STREET ^w 




^= 



=ss 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE 



ACOSTA, JOSEPH. Histoire Naturelle et 
moralle des Indes, tant Orientalles qu' 
Occidentalles : Ou, il est traicte des Glio- 
ses remarquables du Ciel, des Elemens, 
Metaux, Plantes et Animaux qui sont 
propres de ce pays. Ensemble des moeurs, 
ceremonies, loix, governemens and giier- 
res des mesmes Indiens. 12mo. pp. 
798. $5 00. Paris, 1600. 

ACOSTA, JOSEPH. The Naturall and Morall 
Historie of the East and West Indies. 
Intreating of the remarkeable things of 
Heaven, of the Elements, Mettalls, Plants 
and Beasts which are proper to that 
country : together with the Manners, 
Ceremonies, Lawes, Governements and 
Warres of the Indians. Written in Span- 
ish by J. A., and tran.slated into English 
by E. G. 4to. pp. 604. $15 00. 

London, 1604. 

ADAMS, C. B. Catalogue of Shells collected 
at Panama, with Notes of their Synony- 
my, Station and Geographical Distribu- 
tion. 8vo. pp.342, (privately printed.) 
$5 00. New York, 1852. 

ADAMS, JOHN. Twenty-Six Letters upon 
interesting subjects, respecting the Revo- 
lution of America. Written in Holland 
in the year 1780, &c. 12mo, pr. pp. 64. 
$2 25. New York, 1789. 

ADAMS, JOHN Q. Report upon Weights 
and Measures. Prepai-ed by order of 
Congress. 8vo. pp. 248. $5 00. 

Washington, 1821. 

ADYE, STEPHEN PAYNE. A Treatise in 
Courts Martial. Containing: I. Remarks 
on Martial Law and Courts Martial in 
general. II. The Manner of proceeding 
against offenders. To which is added, 
An Essay on Military Punishments and 
Rewards. 12mo. pp. 146. $5 00. 

New York, 1769. 

ALBANY. Laws and Ordinances, of the 
Mayor. Recorder, Alderman, and Com- 
monalty of the city of Albany. 4to. 
pp. 66. $6 50. Albany, 1773. 

ALEXANDER, EARL OP STIRLING AND 
DEVON. Vindication of the Rights and 
Titles, Political and Territoriel, as Lord 
Proprietor of Canada and Nova- Scotia. 
By John L. Hayes. Also the Trial of 
Lord Stirling, being Part II of the Vin- 
dication of the Rights and Titles, Poli- 
tical and Territoriel, of Alexander, Earl 
of Stirling and Devon, Hereditary Lieu- 
tenant-General and Lord Proprietor of 
Canada Nova-Scotia. By John L. Hays. 
{curious facsimile of the original grant.) 
8vo. pp. 52 and 76. $5 00. 

Washington, 1853. 

ALEXANDER AND RUFUS, or a Series of 
Dialogues on Church Communion, in two 
parts. The first, being a vindication of 
Scriptural Church Communion in oppo- 
sition to Latitudinarian schemes. The 
second, being a Defence of the Com- 



munion maintained in the Secession 
Church. 8vo. pp. 461. $3 00. 

Pittsburgh, 1820. 
ALLEN, WILLIAM. An Address delivered 
at Northampton, Mass., on the evening 
of October 29, 1854, in commemoration 
of the close of the Second Century, since 
the settlement of the town. 8vo. pp. 
56. $1 00. Northampton, 1855. 

AMERICA, CONSTITUTIONS of the several 
Independent States of ; The Declaration 
of Independence ; The Articles of Con- 
federation between said States ; The Trea- 
tise between his most Christian Majesty 
and the United States of America. Pub- 
lished by order of Congress, 1782. The 
Rights of Great Britain asserted against 
the Claims of America ; being an answer 
to the Declaration of the General Con- 
gress. The ninth Edition to which is 
now added a further Refutation of Dr. 
Price's state of the National Department. 
A Declaration of the Representatives of 
the Colonies of North America, now met 
in General Congress. Articles of Con- 
federation and perpetual Union by the 
Colonies. A Refutation of Dr. Price, &c., 
&c., all in one vol. 8vo. Calf. $5 00. 
London, 1776-82. 
AMERICAN. Dialogues of the American 
Dead. 8vo. pp. 43. $1 00. 

Philadelphia, 1814. 
The interlocutors in these Dialogues, are Wash- 
ington, Alfred, William Tell, Hamilton and 
Fisher Ames. 

AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 
Transactions of. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 505, 
637. Maps. $5 00. New York, 1845-48. 
AMERICAN REGISTER, The, or General 
Repository of History, Politics, and 
Science, from 1806 to 1810. 7 vols. 
8vo. $8 50. Philadelphia, 1807. 

AMERICAN STATE PAPERS. Documents, 
Legislative and Executive, of the Con- 
gress of the United States, from the first 
Session commencing March 3, 1789, to 
March 3, 1823. Selected and edited 
under the authority of Congress by Wal- 
ter Lowrie, Secretary of the Senate, and 
Matthew St. Clare Clark, Clerk of the 
House of Repre.sentatives. 21 vols. Fol. 
Half bound in Russia. $250 00. 

Washington, 1832-34. 
This publication is classified as follows, namely: 
Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, Foreign Relations ; 5, 6, Indian 
Affairs; 7, 8, 9, Finance; 10, 11, Commerce 
and Navigation.; 12, 13, Military Affairs ; 14, 
Naval Affairs; 15, Post Office; 16, 17, 18, 
Public Lands; 19, Claims ; 20 and 21, Miscel- 
lanies. 

AMERIGO VESPUCCI. Elogio che ha ripor- 
tato il premio Dalla Nobile Accademia 
etrusca Di Cortona, Nel di 15, Ottobre 
dell' anno 1788. Con una dissertazione 
Giustification di questo celebre Naviga- 
tore del P. Stanislao, lanovai delle scuole 
pie pubblico professere di fislca-matema- 



:^ 



tica. Terza Edizione con Illiistrazione 
ed Aggiunte, e con una Seconda Disser- 
tazione sulle Vicende delle Longitudini 
Greograsiche. 4to. pp. 75. $2 00. 1790. 
A SERMON, Preached at the Consecration 
of the Right Reverend Dr. Samuel Sea- 
bury, liishop of the Episcopal Church in 
Connecticut. By a Bishop of the Epis- 
copal Church of Scotland. 8vo. pp. 50. 
$1 50. Rare. Aberdeen, 1785. 

ASHLEY, JOHN. Memoirs and Considera- 
tions concerning the Trade and Revenues 
of the British Colonies in America, with 
projiosals for rendering these Colonies 
more beneficial to Great Britain. 8vo. 
pp. 160. H'lf bd. $3. London 
ARISTIDES. Essays on the spirit of Jack- 
sonism, as exemplified in its deadly hos- 
tility to the Bank of the United States, 
and in the odious calumnies employed 
for its destruction. 8vo. pp. 151. $5. 
Philadeljihia, 1835. 
The Essays by Aristides are a collection of 
violent, perhaps truthful and consciencious attacks 
on General Jackson, but more especially on the 
incessant and unrelenting war he waged against 



mind.'" Had he been in office his death and 
biography would have been sounded from north 
ti south and from New York to California, but 
he had long since retired from public fife into the 
shade of retirement. Hence this neglect. 

Western Memorabilia. 

BAYLEY, RICHARD. An Account of the 
Epidemic Fever which prevailed in the 
city of New York, during part of the 
Summer and Fall of 1795. 8vo. Calf, 
pp. 160. S2 50 New York, 1796. 
BERKSHIRE JUBILEE, Celebrated at Pitts- 
field, Mass., Aug. 22 and 23, 1844. 8vo. 
pp. 244. 8 plates. $1. Albany, 1845. 
Contents. — Sermon by Mark Hopkins. A 
1740. Poem by William Allen. Oration by Joshua 
Spencer. Recollections of Berkshire Indians, by 
Thomas Allen. Literature of Berkshire. Names 
of the Emigrant Sons of Berkshire. Besides 
many minor pieces in both prose and poetry. 
BLAIR, JAMES (OF VIRGINIA) Our 
Savior's Divine Sermons on the Mount 
Explained in divers Sermons and Dis- 
courses. 4 vols. 7vo. Calf, neat. $10. 
London, 1740. 
our author has, in my opinion, very 



the United States Bank. But it would appear aptly joined the Commentator, Preacher, and 
that the performance did not convert the old hero, Casuist, all in one how happy a 



for he persecuted that institution till he finally 
overturned it, and with its fall thousands were 



talent the author had in deciding points of great 
moment, in a very few and plain words, but the 



ruined by consequence of having their all in- result of deep consideration, and discovering a 
vested in it. Whin in full blast and good credit great compass of thought." — Dr. Waterland 



the shares sold for !iil25.00, and when loound up 
$1.50. The author of this pungent treatise was 
Col. Thomas L. McKinney, xcell known as an 
author of aboriginal history, biography and an- 
tiquities, and his connection with General Cass 
during his governorship of the north- ivestcrn ter- 
ritory, and their tour throughout the same; as 
well as with the Indian department at the seat of 
Government. He evidently had a very bad 
opinion of General Jackson, whom he knew inti- 
mately. He characterises him as possessing few 
or no virtues and stained with almost every 
negative and many positive vices. He was the 
greatest despot that ever wielded power ; ignorant, 
proud, obstinate, head-strong, wilful, jealous, 
deceitful, implacable, unforgiving, vindictive, 
and ferociously revengful, at once the dupe and 



BONAPARTE, CHARLES LUCIAN. A 
Geographical and Comparative List of 
the Birds of Europe and North America. 
8vo pp. 67. $2 00. London, 1838. 

BRADAEN, LOUIS. The Early Peopling of 

America, and its Discovery before the 

time of Columbus. 12mo. pp. 48. $1 50. 

New York, 1847. 

BRITISH SPY. The Letters of the. Origi- 
nally published in the Virginia Argus, 
in August and September, 1803. Third 
edition. 18mo. pp. 128. $1 50. 

Richmond, 1805. 

BROWN, CHARLES B. Wieland the Trans- 
former. An American Tale. 12mo. 
pp. 298. (Original edition.) $2 00. 

New York, 1798. 



head of a hollow-hearted and domineering party . jBUCANIERS. The History of the Bucaniers 



He, Col. McKinney, was an amiable, genial, 
warm-hearted man, often generous to his own 
injury. In conversation he was profuse in anec- jBUNGAi' GEORGE W 



of America. 2 vols. 18mo. $4 00^. 
London, 1774. 



dote, historical, biographical and miscellaneous 
In personal appearance he was tall, and erect in 
gait as a West Point cadet ; jlorid complexion, 
and a physiogonomy resembling Julius Ccesar ; 
his hair white and glistening as threads of silver; 



Crayon Sketches 



and OS-hand Takings, Distinguished 
American Statesmen, Orators, Divines, 
Essayists, Editors, Poets, and Philan- 
thropists. 12mo. pp. 156. 75 cts. 

Boston, 1852. 



^- 



in short he was the perfect type of a noble-looking iBJJ^Y AN .JOHN. The Pilgrims' Progress 
old soldier. I from this World to that which is to 

He died in the spring of 1S59, after a sickness \ come. With remarkable engravings, 
of not more than three or Jour days, of erysipelas, \ 18mo. pp.166. $3 50. Boston, 1744. 

and what is remarkable not a single paper in This is without doubt the first American 
the city of New York noticed the death of a man edition of the world renowned " Pilgrims's pro- 
who had done much meritorious service for his gress,'' and the engravings must be amongst the 
country both as a soldier and an author. Thus first, if not the very first specimen of American 
verifying the old adage, " Out of sight, out of engraving. 



-^ 



BUSHNELL, CHARLES I. An Arrangement 
of Tradesmen's Cards, Political Tokens, 
also. Election Medals, Medalets, &c., 
current in the United States of America 
for the last sixty years, described from 
the originals, chiefly in the collection of 
the author. With Engravings. 8vo. 
pp. 118. $3 00. New York, 1858. 

CAMPBELL, A. A Connected View of the 
Principles and Rules by which the Living 
Oracles may be intelligibly and certainly 
interpreted ; of the foundation on which 
all Christians may form one Communion; 
and of the Capital Positions sustained in 
the attempt to restore the Original Gos- 
pel and order of things ; containing the 
Principal Extras of the Millennial Har- 
binger, revised and corrected. 12mo. 
pp.408. $1.50. Bethany, Va., 1835. 

CARTER, ST. LEGER L. Nugc-e, by Nu- 
gator, or Pieces in Prose and Verse. 
18mo. pp. 215. $1 25. 

Baltimore, 1844. 
The above volume contains several ingenious 

parodies on well known En s^lish poems, a poem. 

on tobacco, one on the battle of New Orleans, and 

several describing local scenes in Virginia; be- 
sides several prose pieces, biographical, critical, 

and historical. 

CATALOGUES. Bibliothecae Harvardiau£e 
Cantabrigiffi Nov-Anglorum. 8vo. pp. 
358. $2 00. Bostonlce, 1790. 

CENSUS. Aggregate amount of each descrip- 
tion of Persons in the United States and 
their territories, according to the Census 
of 1820. 8vo. pp. 49. $1 00. 1820. 

CENSUS. (The Fifth U. S. Census.) Or 
Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the 
United States, 1830. To which is pre- 
fixed a Schedule of the whole number of 
Persons within the several Districts of 
the United States, taken according to the 
Acts of 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820. Pub- 
lished by authority of an act of Congress. 
Folio. $3 50. Washington, 1832. 

CENSUS U. S. Statistical View of the Popu- 
lation of the, from 1790 to 1830, inclu- 
sive. Furnished by the Department of 
State, in accordance with Resolutions of 
of the Senate of the United States on the 
26th of Februarv, 1833, and 31st of 
March, 1834. Folio, pp. 216. $2 00. 
Washington, 1835. 

CENSUS. (The Sixth U. S.) Or Enumera- 
tion of the Inhabitants of the United 
States, as corrected at the Department of 
State, in 1840. Folio. 83 50. 

Washington, 1841. 

CENSUS of the State of New York, for 
1835. Containing an Enumeration of 
the Inhabitants of the State, with other 
Statistical Information, in pursuance of 
Chapter 3d of the first part of the Re- 
vised Statutes, and of the Act amending 
the same, passed on the 16th March, 
1835. Folio. $2 00. Albany, 1836. 



CENSUS (U. S.). The Seventh. 4to. pp. 
1158. Half bound in russia. $6 00. 

Washington, 1832. 

CENSUS of the State of New York for 
1845. Containing an Enumeration of 
the Inhabitants of the State, with some 
other Statistical Information, in pursu- 
ance of Chapter 3d of the first part of 
the Revised Statutes, and of the Act 
amending the same, passed on the 7th of 
May, 1845. Folio. $3 00. 

Albany, 1846. 

CENSUS of the State of New York for 1855. 
Prepared from the Original Returns, by 
Franklin B. Hough. Folio, pp. 597. 
$3 00. Albany, 1857. 

CENTRAL AMERICA. Brief Statement, 
supported by Original Documents, of the 
Important Grants conceded to the East- 
ern Coast of Central America, Commer- 
cial and Agricultural Company, by the 
State of Guatemala With a Map of the 
Territory of Vera Paz, and another of 
the Port of San Tomas. 8vo. pp. 137. 
2 maps. $2 00. London, 1839. 

CHILDS. (Sir Joshua.) New Discourse on 
Trade, wherein is recommended several 
weighty points relating to Companies of 
Merchants, Navigation, Woollen Manu- 
factures, Nature of Plantations, &c. 
Small 8vo, Bound. $5 00. 1694. 

The author speaks thus of the early settlers of 

the North American Colonies : '^New England, 

\ori gin ally inhabited and since replenished by a 

sort of people called Puritans, Virginia and 

Bai-badoe first peopled by a sort of loose vagrant 

people, vicious, and destitute of means to live.^' 

'Newfoundland, Jamaica, ,fyc., are treated on in 

a like manner • 

[chronicles of TURKEYTOWN, or the 
Works of Jeremy Peters. Containing 
the History of a Dreadful Catastrophe 
and Amours of Dr. Potts and Mrs. 
Peweetle, and the History of a Tatterde- 
malion. 12mo. pp. 238. $1 25. 

Philadelphia, 1829. 

CLARK, PETER. A Defense of the Divine 
Right of Infant Baptism, being in reply 
to Dr. John Gills' book entitled. The Di- 
vine Right of Infant Baptism Examined 
and Disproved. 8vo. pp. 464. $3 00. 
Boston, N. E., 1752. 

CLAYTON, JOHANNES. Flora Virginica 
Exhibens Plantas. Qua. V. C. Ed. 
Joh. Frea Gronoveus. 8vo. $5 00. 

Lugduni, 1739. 
*** This is the first treatise on botany written 

in America. 

CLINTON, SIR HENRY. An Answer to the 
part of the Narrative which relates to 
Earl Cornwallis' campaign during the 
war of North America. 8vo. pp. 268. 
Uncut. $2 00. London, 1783. 

COBBETT, WILLIAM. The Life of Thomas 
Paine, interspersed with Remarks and 
Reflections. By Peter Porcupine. ]2mo. 
pp. 60. $2 00. Philadelphia, 1797. 



zW, 



-^ 



OF AMERICAN BOOKS. 



COLCROFT, HENRY ROEVE. Alhalla ; or 

the Lord of Talladege. A Tale of the 

Greek War. 12mo. pp. 118. $1 50. 

New York, 1843. 

Henry R. Schoolcraft was the author of the 

poem named above. At the time of vuhlkatxon 

it would appear he adopted the name of Colcraft, 

which has subsequently been abandoned for his 

present cognomen. 

GOLDEN, CADWALLADER. An Explana- 
tion of the First Causes of Action and 
Matter ; and of the Cause of Gravitation. 
8vo. pp.75. $10 00. New York, print- 
ed, 1745. London, reprinted, 1746. 
This' is without doubt an uncommonly rare 
boik. No copy of it is known to belong to any 
public library in the country. It possesses con- 
sideiahle interest from the fact that it is an early 
New York production, by so celebrated a person- 
age as the last Lieutenant- Colonel Governor of the 
Province. It is bound with other four tracts on 
a kindred lubjcct. 

COLDEN, CADWALLADER D. Memoir, 
Prepared at the Request of a Committee 
of the Common Council of the city of 
New York, and presented to the Mayor 
of the city, at the Celebration of the 
Completion of the New York Canals. 
4to. pp. 406. Half calf. 5 portraits ; 
34 plates ; 5 maps ; 12 fac-simile letters. 
$10 00. New York, 1825. 

COLUMBIAN MAGAZINE, THE. Or Month- 
ly Miscellany. From the commence- 
ment, Sept., 1786 to Dec, 1792, inclu- 
sive. Complete, with the exception of 
the last six numbers of 1790. 7 vols. 
8vo. Excessively rare. $50 00. 

Philadelphia, 1786, 1782. 
This is the first Magazine published in America 
after the Revolution. It is adorned with a num- 
ber of portraits, views, local maps, S^c., S^c. It 
has become very scarce,- indeed, complete copies 
could not be procured. 

CONVENTION OF DELEGATES, Minutes of 
the, from the Synod of New York and 
Philadelphia, and from the Associations 
of Connecticut. Held annually from 1766 
to 1775, inclusive. 8vo. pp. 68. 75 
cts. Hartford, 1843. 

COX, DANIEL. A Description of the Eng- 
lish Province of Carolina, by the Span- 
iards called Florida, and by the French 
La-Louisiana ; and also of the Great and 
Famous River Mcschaccbe or 3Iissisipi; 
the Five vast Navigable Lakes of Fresh 
Warter, and the Parts Adjacent. To- 
gether with an Account of the Com- 
modities of the Growth and Production 
of the said Province, and a Preface con- 
taining some Considerations on the Con- 
sequences of the French making Settle- 
ments there. 12mo. Old calf, neat, 
pp. 174. With 2 maps. London, 1727. 
In fine condition, ^5 00. 
CROTON WATER Report, various. 

New York, 1833-45. 

"^° - 



CUSICK, DAVID Sketches of Ancient His- 
tory of the Six Nations, comprising first, 
A Tale of the Foundation of the Great 
Island (now North America), the two 
Infants Born, and the creation of the 
Universe ; Second, A Real account of 
the Early Settlers of North America, and 
their Descendants ; Third, Origin of the 
kingdom of the Five Nations, which was 
called A Long House ; The wars, Fierce 
animals, &c., with four rude wood cuts. 
8vo. pp. 35. $6 00. Lockport, 1848. 
What invests this pamphlet with more than 
ordinary interest, is the fact of its being the pro- 
duction of a pure blooded North American In- 
dian, belonging to one of the Tribes of the Five 
Nations, whose scanty remnants now inhabit 
Western New York and Canada Of course 
Cusick had a certain amount of education, as 
many of his tribe have, or he could not have pro- 
duced this pamphlet, defective as it is in ortho- 
graphy and syntax. It has become extremely 
Scarce ; so much so that a veteran book collector 
inforrtied me that he made a journey, from Albany 
to Lockport, a distance of over three hundred 
miles, and then hired a Carriage to take him 
twenty miles into the interior, where Cusick had 
spent the latter portion of his life, solely for the 
purpose of obtaining a. copy; but his efforts 
proved unsuccessful ; no copy could he find among 
the Indians or any of the whites inhabiting this 
region. He tried to induce an old chief to pro- 
cure and send him the book some future day, by 
placing in his hand five dollars. He added, with 
evident disappointment, " I have never heard of 
the book, the five dollars, nor the old chief, to this 

jay.'^ Western Memorabilia. 

D'HERRERA, ANTOINE. Histoire Generale 
des voyages et conquestes des Castillans 
dans Isles & Terre-Ferme des Indes Oc- 
cidentales. Par N. De La Coste. Ou 
I'on voit la prise de la grande ville de 
Mexique, &c. 4to. pp. 1818. $5. 

Paris, 1671. 
DAGGETT, NAPHTALI. The faithful serv- 
ing of God and oitr generation, the only 
Way to a peaceful and happy Death. A 
Sermon occasioned by the death of The 
Rev. Thomns Clap, "(President of Yale 
college, in New Haven,) who departed 
this life Jan. 7th, 1767 ; Delivered in the 
colledge-chapel Jan. 8th. 4to. pp. 38. 
$3 00. New Haven, 1767. 

DAVENPORT, JOHN. The Power of Con- 
gregational Churches asserted and vindi- 
cated. In answer to a Treatise of Mr. J. 
Paget, Intituled The Defence of Church 
Government, exercised in Classes and 
Synods. 18mo. pp. 187. $10 00. 

London, 1672. 
E. B. Corwin^s copy sold for $12. 
DEBATES in the House of Delegates of Vir- 
ginia, in December, 1798, ou Resolutions 
before the House on the Acts of Congress, 
called the Alien and Sedition Laws. 8vo. 
pp. 182. Richmond, 1829. The Reso- 
lutions of Virginia and Kentucky, Penn- 



w- 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE 



ed by Madison and Jefferson, in Relation 

to the Alien and Sedition Laws. 8vo. 

pp. 76. The two bound in one. $2 50. 

Richmond, 1826. 

DE CORDOVA, J. Observations and Laws 

Relating to Texas Lands, and claims 

against the Late Republic of Texas, by 

J. De Cordova, General Land Agent. 

12mo. pp. 15. 75 cts. Texas, 1848. 

DELAPLAINE'S Repository of the Lives and 

Portraits of Distinguished American 

Characters. 4to. 3 parts in one volume. 

18 Portraits. Frontispiece, pp. 348. $6. 

Phil'a, 1815. 

DENTON, DANIEL. A Brief History of 

New York, formerly New Netherlands. 

A new edition, with copious notes, by the 

Hon. Gabriel Farman. Svo. Fim Paper, 

cloth. $1 00. New York, 1845. 

DENTON, DANIEL. A Brief History of New 

York, formerly New Netherlands. New 

edition, with copious notes, by the Hon. 

Gabriel Furman. 4to. Fine Paper. $5. 

New York, 1845. 

Only 100 copies loere printed upon paper of 

quarto size. 

"This is the first printed description, in the 
English language, of the country now forming 
the wealthy and populous States of New York 
and New Jersey; but being under one government 
at that time (1670). ^nd so great teas the rarity 
of this hook, that until the importation of the 
volume from ivhich this small edition has been 
printed, but two copies were known to exist in the 
United States ; one in the State Library at Al- 
bany, and the other in the Collection of Harvard 
University . 

A copy of the original edition was lately sold 
at a public sale in the city for $31 ! ! ! 
DEXTER, LORD TIMOTHY (the first and only 
American Lord). The Life of, embi'acing 
Sketches of the Eccentric Characters 
that composed his associates, by Samuel 
L. Knapj), including his Lordship's 
"Pickles for the Knowing Ones, or Plain 
Truths in a Homspun Dress. Rude Por- 
trait in full length. IBmo. pp. 143. $2. 
Very rare. Newbury port, 1848. 

DISH OP FROGS, THE. A Dramatic Sketch, 
Presented to his Royal Highness, the 
Prince of Imu. By Monsieur Soupetard. 
18mo. pp 28. $1. New York, 1839, 
DOBBS, ARTHUR. An account of the 
countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay, in 
the north-west part of America, contain- 
ing a description of their Lakes and 
Rivers, the Nature of the Soil and Cli- 
mates, and their Methods of Commerce, 
&c. 4to. pp.211. §3. London, 1744. 
This Book contains a short Vocabulary of the 
Language spoke among the Northern Indians 
inhabiting the north-west part of Hudson's Bay. 
DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS. "Reviued calling 
upon the Dull or Effeminate Age, to fol- 
owe his Noble Steps for Golde & Silver, 
by this Memorable Relation, of the Rare 
occurrances (never yet declared to the 



World) in a third voyage made by him 
into the West Indies, in the Years 72 & 
73. Faithfully taken out of the Reporte 
of Mr. Christofer Ceely, Ellis, Hixon, 
and others who were in the same Voyage 
with him. By Philip Nichols, Preacher. 
Reviewed also by S^" Francis Drake him- 
selfe, before his Death. 4to. pp. 101. 
15 pp. MSS. $5 50. London, 1626. 

DU TERTRE, DEAN BAPTISTE. Histoire 
Generale, des Isles des Christophe, de la 
Guadeloupe, de la Martinique, et autres 
dans L'Amerique. Ou I'on verra I'es- 
tablissement des Colonies Fi'ancoises, 
dans ces Isles ; leurs guerres Ciuiles & 
Estrangers, & tout ce quise passe dans les 
voyages & retours des Indes. Comme 
aussi plusieurs belles particular! tez des 
Antisles de I'Amerique. Une description 
generale de I'Isle de la Guadeloupe ; de 
tons ses Mineraux, de ses Pierreries, de 
ses Riuieres, Fontaines & Estangs ; & de 
toutes ses Plantes. 4to. pp. 481. Map. 
$5 00 Paris, 1654. 

EDSALL, BENJ. B , and Rev. I. F. Tuttle. 
The First Sussex Centenuary, containing 
the Addresses of. With Notes, Appen- 
dix, &c. 8vo. pp. 102. $1 50. 

Newark, 1854. 
ELLIOT, JOHN, & SAMUEL JOHNSON. A 
Dictionary, comprising the choisest 
words found in the best English Authors. 
2ded. Sm.pock't4to. 83. Suffield, 1800. 
This early attempt at compilina; an Anglo- 
American Dictionary appears to be recommended 
by Theodore Dwight, Noah Webster, Benjamin 
Trumbull, D. D., and sixteen other notables. 
It is quite a curiosity in American Lexicography. 
FANNY, CONTINUED. [d Poem.) 8vo. 
pp. 29. $5 00. New York, 1820. 

This ingenious imitation and continuation of 
one of the most celebrated American poems, Fanny, 
was written by Isaac S. Clason, author of the 
XVII 4" XVIII Cantos of Don Juan Horace 
in New York, SfC. 

FENELON (Archbishop of Cambry). Disser- 
tation on Pure Love with an account of 
the Life and Writings of a Lady, for 
whose sake the Archbishop was banished 
from court, and the grievous persecutions 
she suffered in France for her religion, 
also Two Letters written by one of the 
Lady's maids, during her confinement 
in the Castle of Vicennes, where she 
was a prisoner for eight years ; one of 
the letters was writ with a Bit of Stick 
instead of a Pen, and Soot instead of 
Ink, to her brother ; the other to a Cler- 
gyman, together with an Apologetic Pre- 
face, containing divers Letters of the 
Archbishop of Cambry, to the Duke of 
Burgund3', the present French King's 
Father, and other persons of distinc- 
tion : also divers Letters of the Lady to 
Persons of Quality, relating to her Reli- 
gious Principles. 12 mo. Old calf. pp. 
217. $3 00. Germantown, Pa. 1750, 



M 



w 



=^ 



OP AMERICAN BOOKS. 



FIELD DAVID D. The Genealogy oi\^Q\hMtsexquisiUsjiidmmsofihesetratts^aswdlas 

■^ ■*■■*-' I _ . _ -^-r t. 1 r^ . "Ll^ ^..^^...7^ A^^Zin C/M T?n«^nA* ZJ*/! iiixnto fronton A Honn 



Brainard Family, in the United States, 
with Sketches of Individuals. Five Por- 
traits. 8vo. pp. 303. $5. N.York, 1857. 
FIELDS, JAMES T. Poems. 16 mo. pp. 
128. Printed on thick paper, and bound 
in olive morocco. Presentation copy to 
Rufns W. Griswold, with the author's au- 
tograph. Privately printed. $3 00. 

Cambridge, Sine Anno. 
FINDLEY, WILLIAM. Observations on "The 
two Sons of Oil," containing a vindica- 
tion of the American Constitutions, and 
defending the blessings of Religious Li- 
berty and Toleration, against the illiberal 
strictures of the Rev. Samuel B. Wylie. 
12 mo. pp. 366. $2. Pittsburgh, 1812. 
FOX, GEORGE Memoirs of the Life of. By 
Henry Tuke. 12mo. pp. 327. $1 00. 

Philadelphia, ISIS. 
It is not generally known that the venerable 
George Fox was quite a voluminoiis writer. But 
so he was. The list of his published Treatises 
amounts to no less than 115; all of which are 
enumerated at the end of Tuke's Life of him. 
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, The Works of. 
6 vols. 8vo. Boards. $6 75. 

Philadelphia, 1819. 
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. Rules for Reduc- 
ing a Great Empire to a small one. To 
which is subjoined the Declaration of 
Independence. 8vo. pp. 16. $1 00. 
London, 1793. 
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. M. T. Cicero's 
Cato Major, or discourse on Old Age. 
Addressed to Titus Pomponius Atticus, 
With explanatory notes. By Benj. Frank- 
lin, LL. D. 8vo. Boards. $3 00. 

London, 1778. 
FRIENDLY ADDRESS, The. To all Reason- 



Ms travels of the Ex-Barber. He wasfounddead 
in his bookstore, corner of Theatre Alley and Beek- 
man street, about 1839 . His death much surprised 
his friends as none of them ever knew that he had 
been ailing. In physiognomy he bore a strong 
resemblance to the celebrated Aaron Burr, small 
black, twinkling eye, dark, leathery, dead com- 
plexion, and a solemn, sedate aspect, seldom look- 
ing mirthful or even pleased. 

We.stern Memorabilia. 

GAGE, THOMAS. The English-American, 
his travail by Sea and Land ; or, A New 
Survev of the West Indies, containing A 
Journall of Three thousand and Three 
hundred Miles within the main land of 
America. Wherein is set forth his 
Voyage from Spain to St. de John Vlhua ; 
and from thence to Xalappa, to Tlaxcalla, 
the City of Angeles, and forward to Mex- 
ico ; With the description of that great 
city as it was in former times, and also 
at this present. Likewise his Journey 
from Mexico through the Provinces of 
Guaxaca, Chiapa-, Gautemala, Vera f az, 
Truxillo, Comayagua ; with his abode 
Twelve years Gautemala, and especially 
in the Indian-towns of Mixco ; Pinola, 
Petapa, Amatitlam. Folio. pp. 236. 
$6 00. London, 1648. 

GALLAHER, JAMES. The Western Sketch 
Book. 12mo. 408. $1.25, 

Boston, 1850. 
GALLATIN, ALBERT. A Sketch of the 
Finance of the United States. 8vo. pp. 
202. S2 00. New York, 1796. 

GARRARD, LEWIS H. Chambersburg in 
the Colony and the Revolution. A 
Sketch. 8vo. pp. 60. $1 r^0. 

Philadelphia, 1856 



ably Americans, on the Subject of our j GLENN, JAMES. The Cap Against the 



Political Confusions ; carefully abridged 
from the original. 8vo. pp. 24. $2 00. 
New York, 1774. 
FRIBBLETON, GEORGE. Ex-Barber to his 
Majesty the king of Great Britain. Tra- 
vels in America. 12mo. pp. 216. $1 50. 
New York, 1833. 
This is one among the very many spirited and 
clever imitations of the renowned Baron Mun- 
chausen's Travels. The object of the author was 
to hold up to ridicule the many European Tour- 
ists who have, from time to time, visited Ame- 
rica and published the results of their experien- 
ces, observations, and disappointments, frequent- 
ly rather wide of the truth. The Author's name 
was Asa Greene, M. D. who had been brought 
up in New England to the Medical profession, 
but not succeeding in the calling removed to New 
York about 1830. Here he commenced Editor, 
Author and Bookseller. For some time he con- 
ducted a popular penny paper entitled the Tran- 
script. He was author of several books, among 
them, the best known is the Adventures of Dodimus 
Duckworth, the quack Sieam Doctor. Perhaps no 
American author of his time surpassed him in 
quaint, genuine humor. The last named book ex- 



Cowl. The Lecture Room and Labora- 
tory Versus tlie Pulpit and the Cloister. 
4to. pp. 129. MS. New York, 1855. 
GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
An Exposition of the Weakness and In- 
efficiency of. 12mo. pp. 380. $5 00 
Unique Stained. Privately Printed. 

Sine Loco, 1845. 
No sooner did this book make its appearance but 
it was immediately called in or suppressed on ac- 
count of its libelous character against all free go- 
vernments, but more especially that of the United 
States. The author^s name is unknown, but it is 
supposed he ivas at one time in high office in the 
American Government. 

GRAINGER, JAMES. The Sugar Cane: a 
poem in four books. With notes and 
frontispiece, pp. 167. London, 1764. 
To which is added, The ancient English 
Wake : Poem by Mr. Jerningham. pp. 
21 London, 1779. Also, Poems by a 
young Nobleman, of Distinguished Abili- 
ties, lately deceased ; Particularly the 
State of England, and the once flourish- 
ing City of London, In a letter from an 
American Traveller, Dated from the 



Ruinous Portico of St. Paul's, in the 
Year 2199, To a friend settled in Boston, 
the Metropolis of the Western Empire. 
Also, Sundry Fugitive Pieces, principally 
wrote whilst upon his Travels on the 
continent, pp. 60. London, 1780. In 
one vol. 4to. $5 00. 
GRAY, JAMES. The fiend of the Reforma- 
tion detected. Part 1, the two sophisms 
detected, which have split the reformei's 
into calvinist, arminians, Redemptional 
universalist, &c. Part 2, a brief Review 
of the Present State of the Reformed 
churches ; their controversies, sermons, 
theological seminaries, some of the chief 
causes of their divisions assigned, and 
some hints suggested Respecting the 
cure of their schisms. 8vo. pp. 144. 
$1 00. Philadelphia, 1817. 

GREBO LANGUAGE. A brief Grammatical 
Analysis of the Grebo Language. 8vo. 
pp. 36. 1 50. 

Cape Palmas, Africa, 1838. 
GREENHOW, ROBERT Memoir, Historical 
and Political, on the Northwest Coast of 
North America, and the adjacent Terri- 
tories ; illustrated by a map and a Geo- 
graphical view of those countries. 8vo. 
pr. pp. 228. $1 00. Paper. 

..Washington, 1840. 
GRIFFITHS, JOHN. A collection of the 
Newest Cotillions, and Country Dances ; 
principally composed by J. G., Dancing 
Master; to which is added, instances of 
ill-manners, to be carefully avoided by 
youth of both Sexes. Small 4to. pp. 
15. 85 00. Troy, N. Y., 1795. 

This is the first treatise on dancing that has 
been printed and published in the United States. 
It is quite a shabby pamphlet both as to typo- 
graphy and paper. It proves two things, namely: 
that printing was carried on at this early day in 
the then village of Troy, probably then numbering 
but a few hundreds of inhabitants, now number- 
ing SB, 000 ; and that dancing must have then 
been a popular amusement, for the village con- 
tained not only a teacher of that art, but pro- 
duced a treatise on the subject, which it may be 
saftly asserted that no other city, town or village 
in the United States had done. 
HALCYON ITINERARY, THE; and the 
Millenium Messena;er. ISmo. pp. 224. 
$5 00. Marietta, Ohio, 1807. 

This must be one of the first books of a miscel- 
laneous character printed in the Stite of Ohio. 

HALCYON LUMINARY, THE, and Theolo- 
gical Repositary, a monthly Magazine, 
devoted to Religion and Polite Literature; 
conducted By a Society of GentU'men. 
In 2 vols. 8vo. pp 590-575. 63 00. 

New York, 1812. 
This periodical ivas, in its day, the organ of 

New Jerusalem church denomination in America. 

It abounds ivilh able and interesting articles. 

The Jlmerican poet, Woodworlh, •lutlw of the 

" Old oaken bucket," was, I believe, at one time 



co-editor of the work. It ended with the termina- 
tion of the second volume ; a longer life than more 
than tivo-thirds of the American magazines en- 
joy. 

HAMILTON, ALEXANDER. The Works of. 
Comprising his correspondence, and his 
political and official writings, exclusive 
of the Federalist, civil and military, 
published from the original manuscripts, 
deposited in the Department of State. 
Edited by John C. Hamilton. 7 vols. 
8vo. cloth $55 00. New York, 1851. 

HANCOCK, JOHN, Ten Chapters in the 
Life of. Originally published under the 
name of the Writings of Saco, in 1789. 
8 vo. pp. 68. Cloth, 83 00. (Privately 
printed.) New York, 1857. 

HARLAN, RICHARD. Fauna Americana; 
bfing a d-^scription of the Mammiferous 
Animals inhabiting North America. 8vo. 
pp.317. $2 00. Philadelphia, 1825. 

HASSLER, FERD. ROD. Comparison of 
Weights and Measures, of Length and 
Capacity, reported to the Senate of the 
United States by the Treasury Depart- 
ment in 1832. 8vo. Half calf. pp. 122. 
Plates $2 00. Washington, 1832. 

HAWKINS, THOMAS. The Book of the 
Great Sea- Dragons, Ichthyosauri and Ple- 
siosauri, Gedolim Taninim, of Moses, ex- 
tinct monsters of the ancient earth, with 
Thirty large Plates, copied from skele- 
tons in the Author's collection of Fossil 
Organic Remains. (Deposited in the Brit- 
ish Museum.) Large folio. $3 00. 

London, 1840. 
HICKS, ELI AS. Journal of the Life and 
Religious Labors. Written by himself. 
8vo. Fine portrait. 82 25. N. York, 1832. 
HICKS, ELIAS. Two Sermons delivered in 
New York, 1st mo. 31st, 1830. 8vo pp. 
32. 63 cts. New York, 1831. 
HICKS, ELIAS, The Last Letter of. Written 
Hugh Judge, of Ohio. 8vo. pp.6. 50 cts. 
Jericho, 1830. 
Friend Elias was the Peter the Hermit, the 
Luther, the Knox and the Wesley among the 
broad-brims and drab coats , dining his pilgrim- 
age. Like all innovators or reformers he was 
held up by the party who adopted his vieivs and 
sentiments as a genuine reformer, as having 
opened the eyes of the blind, and as an apostle 
little less than St. Paul, ivhile on the other hand, 
those opposed to him dvnounrcd him as a disturb- 
er of the peace, a pestilent fellow, and a coadju- 
tor of the devil VVesferu Memorabilia. 

HICKCOX, JOHN H. An Historical Account 
of American Coinage. Plates. Roval 8vo. 
pp. 147. 85 00. Albany, 1858. 

HOOKKR, THOS. A survey of the'summe 
of Churcli Disci)>line. Wherein the 
Way (if the Chuiches of New Kngland 
is warranted out of the Word, and all 
ex'ct^ptions of weight, which are made 
against it, answered. Whereby also it 
will appear to the Judicious Reader that 
something more must be said, than yet 



-'M 



hatli been, before their principles can be 
shaken, or they should be unsettled in 
their practice. 4to. pp. 479. $5 00. 

London, 1648. 
HOSMER, H. L. Early History of the Mau- 
mee Valley. 8vo. pp. 70. $1 00. 

Toledo, 1858. 
IRVING, WASHINGTON. A History of New 
York, from the beginning of the World 
to the end of the Dutch Dynasty, contain- 
ing among many surprising and curi- 
ous matters, the unutterable ponderings 
of Walter the Doubter, the Disastrous 
Projects of William the Testy, and the 
Chivalric Achievements of Peter the 
Headstrong, the three Dutch Governors 
of New Amsterdam, being the only au- 
thentic history of the times that ever 
hath been published. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 
292 and 248. Portrait and a view of 
New York in 1640. $5 00. Phila. 1812. 
This is the second edition of this remarkable 
book. It is adorned with a full length portrait 
of Dederick Knickerbocker, the fictitious his- 
torian, and a view of New Amsterdam (now 
New York) as it appeared about the year 1640. 
INDIAN SPEECHE AN. In Answer to a 
sermon preached by a Sweedish Mission- 
ary at Conastogo, in Pennsylvania. To 
which is added a brief account of the 
Vision and death of the late Lord Little- 
ton, also Lord Kames' Anecdote of the 
melancholy end of a Profligate Young 
Man. 12mo. pp. 12. 81. Stanford, 1806. 
JOHN BULL. The diverting history of John 
Bull and Brother Jonathan. By Hector 
Bull-US. 18mo. pp. 135. $5 00. Rough 
Calf, — very fine preservation. 

New York, 1812. 
KENNET, BASIL. Twenty Sermons preach- 
ed on several occasions, to a Society of 
Briti.sh Merchants in Foreign Parts. 8vo. 
Calf. pp. 358. $1 50. London, 1727. 
KEY, FRANCIS S. Poems of the late, au- 
thor of the " Star Spangled Banner," 
with an Introductory Letter by Chief 
Justice Taney. 12mo. Mor. full gilt, 
very neat. A splendid copy. pp. 203. 
83 00. 
LATER FROM HELL, or, Philotheologias 
tronomos' eulogism of Rev. Ezra Stiles 
Ely's Dream. 8vo. pp. 30. 75 cts. 

Philadelphia, 1825. 
LEDYARD, JOHN. A Journal of Captain 
Cook's last Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, 
and in quest of a North-west Passage, 
between Asia and America ; performed in 
the years 1776, 1777, 1778 and 1779. 8vo 



pp. 208. 83 00. 



des Ma3urs, Religion, Politique, Educa- 
tion et Commerce, des Peuples de cet 
Empire. 12mo. 3 vols, in 1. Plates and 
Maps. 82 50. Amsterdam, 1728. 

LETTER from the Secretary of State to 
Charles C. Pinckney, Esq., in answer to 
the complaints of the French Minister 
against the Government of the United 
States, contained in his notes to the Sec- 
retary of State, dated the 27th of Octo- 
ber, and the 15th of November, 1796. 
12mo. pr. pp. 54. 81 00. 

New York, 1797. 
LIGON, RICHARD, Gent. A true and ex- 
act history of the Island of Barbados. 
Illustrated with a map of the Island, as 
also the principal trees and plants there, 
set forth in their due proportions and 
shapes, drawne out by their severall and 
respective scale. Together with the In- 
genio that makes the Sugar, with the 
Plots of the severall Houses, Roomes, 
and other places, that are used in the 
whole process of Sugar making ; viz : 
the Grinding-room, the Boyling-room, 
the Filling room, the Curing House, 
Still House, and Furnace. All cut in 
Copper. Folio, pp. 124. $6 00, 

London, 1657. 
LOCKE, JOHN. A Collection of Several 
Pieces of ; never before printed, or not 
extant in Ms works. 8vo. vp. 441. 81 50. 
'London, 1720. 
This volume contains the fundamental Consti- 
tution of Carolina by Mr. Locke, besides many 
curious pieces. 

LOCKE, RICHARD ADAMS. The Moon 
Hoax, or the discovery that the Moon 
has a vast population of Human Beings. 
Illustrated with a view of the Moon as 
seen by Lord Ross' Telescope. 8vo. pp. 
63. 50 cts. New York, 1859. 

LOCO-FOCOISM, as displayed in the Boston 
Magazine against Schools and Ministers, 
and in favor of robbing children of the 
property of their parents ! Christians ! 
Patriots ! Fathers ! read and reflect ! 8vo. 
pp. 32. 81 00. Albany, 1840. 

New York, 1857. IMACLAURIAN LYCEUM, Contributions to 
i Arts and Sciences. 3 parts all published. 
Plates. 82 00. Philadelphia, 1827-29. 
MAPS. (In Miniature on one Sheet.) With the 
depth of water of the Harbours of the 
principal English, French and Spanish 
Towns in America. Among them New 
York, Boston, Louisbourg, Charles-town, 
Havana, Quenca, Martinico, &c. 14 by 18 
inches. 85 00. London, 1739. 



LE GKNTIL. Nouveau voyage au tour du 
monde. Enrichi de Plusieurs Plans, 
Viies and Perspectives des Principles 
villes and Ports du Perou, Chily, Bresil, 
et de la Chine avec une descripti.on de 



Hartford, 1783. MARSH, GEORGE P. The Goths in New 



England. A Discourse delivered at the 
Anniversary of the Philomathesian So- 
ciety of Middlebury College. Aug. 15, 
1848. 8vo. pp. 39. 81 25. 

Middlebury, 1843, 



I'Empire de la Chine, beaucoup plus am- MARVIN, HENRY. A Complete History of 
pie et plus circonstauciee que celles qui [ Lake George, embracing a great variety 
ont paru jusqu'a Present, ou 11 est traiti of information and compiled with an es- 



10 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE 



pecial reference to meet the wants of the 
travelling community, intended as a de- 
scriptive guide together with a complete 
history and present appearance of Ti- 
conderoga. 18mo. pp. 102. Map. $1 50. 
New York, 1853. 
MATHEMATICAL CORRESPONDENT, The, 
Containing new elucidations, discoveries 
and improvements in various hranches 
of mathematics. With a fine head of 
George Baron, engraved hy Dr. Anderson, 
Vol. I. 12mo. pp. 248. P'cry rare. $2 00. 
New York, 1804. 
MATTER. The Elements of, discovered and 
Explained; in which the Nature of Space, 
the Combination of the Elements in the 
formation of matter; the Origin of celes- 
tial bodies ; The principles of Gravita- 
tion, Locomotion, &c., &., are exhibited 
in such Plain and Simple views, with 
References to the Phenomena as they 
exist in nature, that they cannot be mis- 
taken. Plates. 8vo. pp. 45. $1 00. 

New York, 1836. 
McALPINE, J. Genuine Narratives, and 
concise Memoirs of some of the most 
Interesting Exploits and Singular Adven- 
ventures of I. McAlpine, a native High- 
lander, from the time of his Emigration 
from Scotland to America, 1773; during 
the Long period of his faithful attachment 
to, and hazardous attendance on British 
Armys, under the command of the Gen- 
erals Carelton and Burgoyne, in their 
several operations that He was concerned 
in ; till December, 1779. To complain 
of his Neglected services; and Humbly 
to Request Government for Reparation of 
his Losses in the Royal cause. Every 
circumstance Related Faithfully, and 
with all delicacy, containing nothing but 
Indisputable facts that can be well 
vouched, and are mostly known to many 
Gentlemen of good character, in both 
the Private and Military lines of Life ; 
carefully arranged, and publislied for the 
use of the Pablick at Large. 12mo. pp. 
63. ^ very rare pamphlet. 810 00. 

Greenock, 1780. 
McKENNEY, THOMAS L., & J. HALL. In- 
dian Tribes of North .'^.merica and their 
History, with Biographical Sketches and 
Anecdotes of the principal Chiefs. By 
McKenney and Hall. With 120 large and 
beautifully colored portraits of the Chiefs, 
from the Indian Gallery in the Depart- 
ment of War at Washington. Complete 
in 3 vols. Imperial folio. Handsomely 
half bound, morocco, gilt back and gilt 
edges. New. Pub. at $120 00 in parts. 
$100 00. Philadelphia, 1838. 

Some years ago Col. McKenney obtained from 
Government permission to t'lkc copies of the In- 
dian portraits deposited in the War Department, 
with a view to publication in lithograph. The 
design was accomplished on a large scale, and the 
folio edition is valued, both in Europe and Ame- 



rica, as one of the most interesting and magni- 
ficent properties cf a rich man>s library. The 
biographies , written by Col. McKenney and James 
Hall, Esq., of Cincinnati, are sufficiently copious 
and drawn from the most authentic sources. One 
of those in the first number is that of Sequoyah, 
or George Guess, the inventor of the Cherokee 
alphabet; a remarkable man, having in his cha- 
ncier and appearance much more of the Oriental 
than of the American red man. Another portrait 
of great interest is that cfan Osage woman; a face 
remarkable for beauty and intelligent expression. 
MEMORIALS. Written on several occasions 
during the Illness and after the Decease 
of Three Little Boys. A collectioi of 
Mournful Poems Supposed to have been 
written by W. H. Parmly. 8vo. pp. 52. 
$1 00. New York, 1842. 

MILITARY DISCIPLINE. A New System of, 
founded upon principle, By a General 
Officer. Bvo. pp. 258. $1 50. 

Philadelphia, 1776. 
MILITARY JOURNALS, THE, of two Private 
Soldiers, 1758 — 1775, with numerous 
Illustrative Notes, to which is added a 
Supplement containing official Papers on 
the Skirmishes at Lexington and Concord. 
8vo. pp. 128. $2. Poughkeepsie, 1855. 
MILLER, STEPHEN F. The Bench and Bar 
of Georgia ; Memoirs and Sketches. 
With an Appendix, containing a Court 
Roll from 1790 to 1857. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 
937. $4 00. Philadelphia, 1858. 
MINNESOTA. Annals of the Minnesota 
Historical Society. Materials for the 
future History of Minnesota ; being a 
Report of the Minnesota Historical Soci- 
ety to the Legislative Assembly. To 
which is added an Address delivered 
before the Historical Society at its sixth 
anniversary, Feb. 1st, 1856, by the Hon. 
H. H. Sibley. Five wood cuts and Por- 
trait of Jonathan Carver. Royal 8vo. 
pp. 149. $1 50. St, Pauls, Min., 1856. 
MINSHULL, JOHN (the American Cibber). 
Rural Felicity: a Comic Opera; with the 
Humor of Patrick and Marriage of Shelty. 
8vo. i)p. 69. Portrait by Scoles. $3 50. 
New York, 1801. 
MINSHULL, JOHN. The Sprightly Widow 
with the Frolics of Youth ; or, a Speedy 
Way to Unite the Sexes by Honorable 
Marriage, pp. 64. 1802. She Stoops to 
Conquer ; or, the Virgin Wife Trinmph- 
ant: a Comedy in three Acts. pp. 30. 
1804 Mary's Dream ; Humorous Tri- 
umph over the Poet in Petticoats, and 
the Gallant Exploits of the Knight of the 
Comb : a Comedy in three Acts. pp. 29. 
All bound in one. $6 00. Fine Portrait 
by Scoles. New York, 1804. 
Minshull was a prominent New York citizen 
about the end of the list century. He ivas the 
author of several plays, which do not possess very 
much merit and are now entirely forgotten, and 
indeed could not perhaps be procured. 
Western Memorabilia. 



S^: 



=,^° 



OF AMERICAN BOOKS, 



11 



MIRROR, THE NEW. Of Literature, Amuse- 
ment, and Instruction, containing Tales 
of Romance, Sketches of Society, Man- 
ners and every dav Life, Domestic and 
Foreign Correspondence, Wit and Hu- 
mour, Fashion and Gossip, the Fine 
Arts and Literary, Musical and Dramatic 
Criticism. Extracts from New Works, 
Poetry, Original and Select, the Spirit 
of Public Journals, &c., &c. Numerous 
fine Plates. 3 vols, royal 8vo. Half 
bound in morocco. $6 50. 

New York, 1843-1844. 
MOORE, FRANCIS. A Voyage to Georgia, 
bfguu in tlie year 1735. Containing an 
account of the settleing the town of 
Frederica, in the southern part of tlie 
province, and a description of the Soil, 
Air, Birds, Beasts, Trees, Rivers, Islands, 
&c., witli the rules and orders made by 
the Honorable the trustees for that set- 
tlement; including the allowances of 
Provisions, Clothing, and other necessa- 
ries to tlie Families and servants which 
went thither. Also a description of the 
town and county of Savannah, in the 
nortiiern part of the province; the man- 
ner of dividing and granting the lands 
and the improvement there, with an 
account of the Air, Soil, Rivers and 
Islands in that part. Svo. pp. lOS. $5. 
London, 1744. 
MORGAN, JOHN (M. D.). A discourse upon 
the Institution of Medical Schools in 
America ; delivered at a public Anniver- 
sary Commencement, lield in the College 
of Philadelphia, May 30, and 31, 17(i5. 
Svo. pp. 91. $10 00. 

Philadelphia, 1765. 
This book is a great curiosity, both in re- 
spect to typography as well as Medical history. 
It is undoubtedly among the first of American 
medical productions, and what renders it still 
more valuable, it is from the press of the son of 
the American Caxton, William Bradford. This 
copy is in good preservation and in the original 
binding. Corwin's copy, although much infe- 
rior, sold for $d 50. 

MORSE, JEDIDIAH. A Report to the Sec- 
retary of War of the United States, of 
Indian Affairs, comprising a Narrative 
of a tour performed in the summer of 
1820, under a commission from the Pre- 
sident of the United States, for the pur- 
pose of ascertaining, for tlie use of the 
Government, the actual state of the In- 
dian tribes in our country. Illustrated 
by a map of the United States; orna- 
mented by a correct portrait of a Pawnee 
Indian. Svo. pp. 400. $2 00. Very 
fine copy. Uncut. New Haven. 1822. 
MORTON, SAMUEL GEORGE. Crania 
Americana ; or a Comparative view of 
the Skulls of various Aboriginal Nations of 
North and South America. To which is 
prefixed an Essay on the Varieties of the 
Human Species. Illustrated by seventy- 



l^°; 



eight plates and a colored map. Folio. 
pp.297. $33 00. Vci-y scarce. 

Philadelphia, 1829. 
NARRATIVE OF AN EXPEDITION to the 
east coast of Greenland, sent by order of 
the king of Denmark, in search of the 
Lost Colonies, under the command of 
Capt. W. A. Giaah, of the Danish Royal 
Navy, Knight of Dannebrog, &c Trans- 
lated from ihe Danish, By the Late G. 
Gordon Macdougall,F. R. S. N. A., With 
the Original Danish chart completed by 
the Expedition. Svo. pp. 21(J. $2. 

London, 1837. 
NATIONAL PORTRAITS, Catalogue of, in 
Independent Hall, Philadelphia, com- 
prising many of the signers of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, and many others. 
Svo. pp.23. 50 cts. Phila., 1858. 

NEWARK (NEW JERSEY). Directory of 
the city of, for 1855-5G. Map of the 
city. 12mo. pp. 432. Compiled by 
B.'T. Picrson. $1. Newnrk, N. J., 1855. 
NEW YORK COLONIAL HISTORY. Docu- 
ments relative to the Colonial History of 
the State of New York ; procured in Hol- 
land, England and France, by John Ro- 
meyn Brodhead, Esq., Agent. Edited 
E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D., LL. D. With 
a general Introduction by the agent. 11 
vols. 4to. Clo. Maps, &c. §30 00. 
Albany, 1856-60. 
NEW YORK DIRECTORIES. From 1804 to 
1860, inclusive, with the exception of 
1805-8-9. 55 vols 12mo. and Svo. 
$300 00. New York, 1804-60. 

There can be no better chronological step-ladder 
for presenting in a clear light the gradual growth 
or decline of a city than a cotfiecutive series of its 
directories, giving annually the number of houses, 
with the names of the respective householders 
thereof, public institutions and private enter- 
prises, ^c. Htre are facts without fiction or 
coloring ; a solid base for correct estimate ; in 
short, a reliable reference book not to be doubted. 
It must be remembered that statistics is the corner 
stone of history ; ivithout them history would de- 
generate into romance and unmeaning fiction. 
A series of New Yoik Directories form a perfect 
miniature of the rise and progress of the American 
Metropolis 

NEW YORK. Document of the Board of 
Aldermen. Report on laying out the 
new park. With a colored map of the 
same. Svo. Paper. $1 00. 

New York, 1852. 

NEW YORK State Library Catalogue. In 

Four Departments, namely : General 

Literature, Law, Maps, and Bibliography. 

4 vols. Royal Svo. | morocco. $10. 

Albany, 1856. 

NEW YORK. The Natural History of the 

State of New York, with an astonishing 

profusion of Plates — some colored; and 

a lengthy Introduction by the Hon. 

William H. Seward. 19 vols. 4to. 

Map. $110 00. Albany, 1842-55. 



NIAGARA FALLS. Table Rock Album, or 
Sketches of the Falls and Scenery Ad- 
jected. 12mo. pp. 108. $1 25. 

Buflalo, 1850. 
Among the contributers to this Album ivill be 
found the names of Lords Morpeth and Durham, 
Sir Francis Head, Rev. J. Bowling, John G. 
Saxe, Wdlis Gaylord Clark, J. S. Buckingham, 
and over one hundred others. 
NEW YORK CITY. Corporation Manuals. 
From the commencement in 1841 to 
1860. With numerous Fac-similies, 
Maps, View and Plates. 18 vols. 24mo. , 
ISmo., and 12mo. Compiled by David 
Valentine. $30 New York, 1841-60. 

This scries of books { The New York Corpora- 
tion Manuals) has become an important item in 
the Antiquarian, Historical, Biographical and 
Literary annals of the city of New York. To 
those desiring information about the city, or who 
may be writing on the subject, will find these 
books indispensible repositories of information. 
Mr. Valentine deserves well, and more than well, 
of the community, and of posterity which will come 
after him, for having been such a faithful and 
judicious gleaner of these scattered historic frag- 
ments and antiquarian facts, and giving them a 
shape which will command respect, as ivell as to 
secure them a permanency. The collection of fac- 
similes and maps alone, say nothing of the en- 
graved views, are of great intrinsic value, and 
possess a charming interest to all who love to con- 
template past transactions. 

Western Memorabilia. 

NOURSE, JAMES. The New Testament of 
our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ ; 
Translated out of the Original Greek, and 
with the former Translations diligently 
compared and revised. The Text of the 
common Translation is arranged in para- 
graphs, such as the sense requires ; the 
division of chapters and verses being 
noted in the margin, for reference. By 
James Nourse, A. M. 8vo. pp. About 
$2 00. Philadelphia, 1829. 

OLDMIXON, JOHN. The British Empire 
in America, containing the History of the 
Discovery, Settlement, Progress and State 
of the British Colonies on the Continent 
and Islands of America. 2 vols. 8vo. 
Calf. pp. 601 and 478. Maps. Fine 
copy. $5 00. London, 1741. 

OTIS, JAMES. The Rights of the British 

Colonies asserted and proved. Third 

Edition, corrected. 8vo. pp. 120. $2 50. 

Boston, N. E., 1766. 

OTT, JAMES CRAMER. The Truth accord- 
ing to and with the World. $1 50. 

Albany, 1850. 

OXFORD ACADEMY JUBILEE, Held at 
Oxford, Chenango County, N. Y., August 
1st and 2d, 1854. Four fine steel por- 
traits; viz: Henry W. Rogers, R. W. 
Juliand, John Tracy and Horatio Sey- 
mour. 8vo. pp. 130. $2 00. 

New York, 1856. 



PAINE, THOMAS. An Extraordinary Col- 
lection of Pamphlets by, for and against 
this celebrated man. Among them his 
Trial for Blasphemy and the Trial of his 
book seller for publishing and selling 
his pamphlets, &c., &c. In all, 40. $10. 
London, V. D. 
PAMPHLETS. An extraordinary collection of 
pamphlets, chiefly American, consisting 
of Speeches, Orations, Addresses, Lec- 
tures, Biography, Local History, Sermons, 
Political Discussions, Banking, Poetry, 
and on a great variety of other subjects. 
Bound up in 310 vols. 8vo. $930. V. D. 
A manuscript catalogue, giving the full title, 
number of pages, where published, and date, will 
accompany the collection. This formidable body 
of pamphlets cost the collector fifteen years' labor 
in bringing them together. 

Pamphlets having this considerable advan- 
tage, that, springing from some immediate occa- 
sion they are copied more directly from the life ; 
so likelier to bear a resemblance than any more 
extended draughts taken by a remote light ; the 
writers have a less opportunity to comment, and 
their writings are less liable to admit such foul 
and frequent practices of plagiary as books of 
matter more various, and bulk more voluminous^ 
too often exhibit. Besides, the author being more 
vigorously prompted to application by the expe- 
diency to bring forth his work, opportunity is 
urged to shake out the image of his mind at a 
heat, in the most natural form and symmetry, 
in the most significant circumstances at once, sel- 
dom allowing leisure for the writer to dote upon 
or dream, over his work, whether to disguise it 
with the conceptions of other men nor to deform 
it with chimeras of his oxon. Hence they are 
preferred by many critics to discover the genuine 
abilities of the author and the true map of the 
time or things before the more dilatm-y and accu- 
mulated jjroductions. 

F. Morgan's Phoenix Britannicus. 

PANCIROLLI GUIDONIS. Rerum Memora- 
bilium sive deperditarum Pars Prior 
commentarijs illustrata et focis prope in- 
numeris postremum aucta ab Henrico Sal- 
muth Ambergensium Sijndico Emerito. 
4to. pp. 372, also, Clarissimi Nova Re- 
perta sive Rerum Memoribilium Recens 
Inventarum and verteribus incognitorum 
Pars Posterion ; Ex Italico latini reddita 
nee nou commentariis illustrata et locis 
pi'ope innumeris postremum aucta ab 
Henrico Salmuth Ambergensium syndic© 
emerito. 4to. pp. 328. $4 00. 

Francofurti, 1631. 
PATENT OFFICE REPORT for 1843. pp. 
335. 8vo. uncut and unbound, $3 00. 
very rare. Washington, D. C. 

PATENT RIGHT OPPRESSION Exposed, or 
Knavery Detected in an address to unite 
all good people to obtain a Repeal of the 
Patent Laws. A Poem ivith copious notes. 
Patrick N. J. Elisha, Esq., Poet Laureate, 
12mo. pp. 189. Very rare. $1 50. 

Philadelphia, 1814. 

M 



PAYNE, JOHN HOWARD. Lispings of the 
Muses, a Selection from Juvenile Poems, 
chiefly written at and before the age of 
sixteen. 8vo. pp. 30. $2 00. 

London, 1815. 
The following endorsement in the hand writing 
of the author is to be found upon thefiy leaf : 

^^ Isaac S. Clason, Esq., from his friend, 
John Howard Payne. London, Sept. 2, 1820." 
Clason tvas by profession an actor and had ac- 
quired some celebrity both in England and Ameri- 
ca as such, but he is, or will perhaps be hereafter bet- 
ter known as the author of the continuation of the 
Don Juan cantos, XVII and XVIII, a very 
clever imitation of Lord Byron's style of ivriting; 
also Fanny continued, a no less remarkable imi- 
itation of the style of Fiiz Greene Halleck. He 
died miserably in London, report says on the 
one hand, by starvation, on the other, by suicide. 
Payne died at Aleppo in 1852, while in the capa- 
city of American consul at that place. 
PENN, WILLIAM An Address to Protest- 
ants upon the present Conjuncture. In 
II Parts. 4to. pp. 148. $3. 1679. 

PENN, WILLIAM. (Founder of Pennsyl- 
vania.) The Works of. Very neat. 
Calf backs and corners. Both titles lost, 
otherwise a desirable copy. 2 vols, 
folio. $(j 50. 
PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE, The, Or Ame- 
rican Monthly Magazine (said to have 
been edited by Tom. Paine). 8vo. Vol. 
1. pp 490. Plaies and Local Maps. 
Autograph of James Abercrombie. 610 00. 
very rare. Philadelphia, 1775. 

PILPAY. The Instructive and entertaining 
Fables of, an ancient Indian Philosopher, 
containing a number of excellent Rules 
for the conduct of persons of all ages, 
and in all stations, under several heads. 
4th Edition corrected, improved and en- 
larged. 8vo. pp. 127. uncut. $5 00. 
London printed, America re-printed, 

1784 
Wonderfull to relate, this renowned piece of 
curious Antiquitie should have been printed in 
the United States at this early day. The book 
even then must have been a great rarity in Eu- 
rope, and, of course, at the time almost un- 
knoivn in America except among the case-hard- 
ened book-collectors, which, no doubt then a few 
were scattered, up and down throughout the 
country at the time. Whoever re-printed or 
caused this book to be re-printed at that time 
must have been a great enthusiast for none else 
would have done it. It has affixed neither 
printer''s name nor place where printed, but 
simply thus, " London printed, America Re- 
printed, MDCCLXXXIV." 
POLITICAL REGISTER, (The) and Impar- 
tial Review of New Books. 11 vols, in 
6. 8vo. treed calf. Plates in each vol- 
ume. Very neat. $20 00. Published 
by J. Almon. London, 1767-72. 

In these volumes will be found the germ of 
the discontent which afterwards led to the over- 



It hrow of British power in their thirteen provin- 
ces in North America by the afterwards memo- 
rable revolution. Many of the papers are of a 
\decided Red Republican stamp communicated 
'by Americans who appealed to have entertained 
\a very unfriendly opinion of the mother coun- 
try. The volumes are adorned with a number 
■of political caricature plates ,• they may be said 
^tobe the harbinger to the celebrated periodical 
entitled, Almon's American Remembrancer ; 
indeed, the one appears to be the necessary pen- 
dant to the other. 

PROTESTANT Episcopal Historical Society 
Collections. Vol. II. Containing the 
Life of the pioneer Missionary, Rev. .Ja- 
cob Bailey. By W. S. Bartlett, with 
notes by Bishop Burgess. 3 portraits, 
8vo. pp. 365. $2 50. 

New York, 1853. 

PSALTERIUM AMERICANUM. The Book 
of Psalms, in a translation exactly con- 
formed unto the Original, but all in blank 
ver.?e, fitted nnto the tunes commonly 
used in our churches. Which Pure 
Ofiering is accompanied with Illustra- 
tions, digging for hidden treasures in it ; 
and Rules to employ it upon the Glori- 
ous and Various Intentions of it. Where- 
to are added some other portions of the 
Sacred Scripture, to Enrich the Caution- 
al. 12mo. pp. 452. 840 00. 

Boston, in N. E., 1718. 
With the exception of the '■^Bay Psalm Book,'''' 
the first book printed in North America, this is 
the scarcest of all the early printed Hymn Books 
produced by the Ameririn press in Colonial 
times. This copy is in the orieinal binding in 
perfect condition and apparently has never been 
used. The version is said to have bren the produc- 
tion of the renowned Cotton Mather, the most 
Ivoluminous writer America has produced. His 
publications amount in number to not Icfs than 
382. Of course many of these are single ser- 
7nons and pamphlets but still there are many of 
them single volumes, and some of them in more 
than one. For a further account of this book 
\see Hood''s History of Music in New England, 
a book, by the by, which contains a good deal 
bibliographical information. 

RAGUET, CONDY. The Banner of the 
Constitution. Devoted to General Poli- 
tics, Political Economy, State Papers 
Foreign and Domestic. 3 vol. large fo- 
lio. $10 50. Washington, 1830-32. 

RAYMOND, WILLIAIM. Biographical Sketch- 
es of the distinguished men of Colum- 
bia County, including an account of the 
most important offices thev have filled. 
8vo. pp. 119. $1 00. In all 29 Biog- 
raphies. Albany, 1851. 

REESE, DAVID M. Himibugs of New 
York : being a remonstance against Pop- 
ular Delusion, whether in Science, Phi- 
losophy or Religion. 12mo. pp. 273. 
$1 00. New York, 1838. 



S^: 



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14 



GOWANS' CATALOGUE 



REE3, JAMES. The Dramatic authors of 
America. 12mo. pp. 144. $1 00. 

Philadelphia, 1845. 

A work showing a considerable amount of 
bibliographical industry. Here is a little book 
giving a catalogue of one hundred and eleven 
American dramatic authors, with a list of their 
respective plays, occasional short biographical 
sketches, notices of some of the American Thea- 
tres throughout the country and a meagre chro- 
nology of the American Theatre. 

Although the author has aimed at alphabeti- 
cal arrangement his book is quite defective in 
this respect, as well as in others, having neither 
chapters, headings, prominent catch-words, chro- 
nological arrangement, contents nor index ; be- 
sides he has quite defaced his book by occasion- 
ally introducing parts of scenes of certainplays 
which has much incumbered his "performance, 
without adding interest or value to it. Not- 
withstanding all this the author deserves great 
credit for this performance, inas7nuch as it is 
the first and only one of the kind {so far as I 
can learn) that has appeared in the country. It 
will be an excellent nucleus for a more extend- 
ed and better arranged treatise on the same sub- 
ject Western Memorabilia. 

RELATIONS DES JESUITS, contenant ce 
qui s'est passe de plus remarquable dans 
les missions des Peres de la Compagnie 
de Jesus dans la Nouvelle France. Ou- 
vrage publie sous les auspices du gouv- 
ernement Canadien. 3 vols, royal 8vo. 
of about 900 pp. each. $ir, 00." Paper 
cavers. Quebec, 1858. 

"This work, of which only a small number 
were printed, is a complete reprint of all the 
Jesuit Relations concerning the 7nissions in 
Canada and French North America, from 1611 
to 1672 ; and contains most important matter 
concerning the Indian Tribes, and the early 
history qf Maine, New York and all the North- 
west. " 

REJECTED ADDRESSES, The. Together 
with the Prize Addresses presented to 
tlie Prize Medal offered for the best Ad- 
dress on the opening of the New Park 
Theatre in the City of New York. ISmo. 
pp. 132. $2 00. Very rare. 

New York, 1821. 
The following arc among the contributors to 
this volume of .fugitive pieces, namely ; C. 
Sprague, S. Woodivorth, Moses Y. Scott, .lames 
B. Sheys, Joseph Cross, M' Donald Clarke, be- 
sides about sixty anonymous contributors. 

RIGGS, S. R. Grammar and Dictionary of 
the Dakota Language, collected by the 
members of tlie Dakota Mission. 4to. 
pp. 333. $6 00. 

Washington City, 1852. 

ROBINSON, JOHN. Essayes ; or, Observa- 
tions, Divine and Morall. Collected out 
of Holy Scriptures, Ancient and Moderne 
Writers, both Divine and Humane. As 
also, out of tlie great volume of men's 
manners : Tending to the furtherance of 
knowledge and vertue. 2d edition with 
two Tables, the one of the authors quo- 



ted, the other of the matters contained 
in the observations. 18mo. calf, pp. 
598. $10 00. London, 1638. 

The descendants of the pilgrims have not 
ceased to this day to revere the memory of John 
Robinson. 

ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. The Black Book, or 
a Continuation of Travels in the United 
States. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 328, 396 and 
235. $6 00. Washington, 1828 

ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Pennsylvania, or 

Travels Continued in the United States. 

2 vols. 12mo. pp. 276 and 317. $3 00. 

Washington, 1829. 

ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Sketches of Histo- 
ry, Life and Manners in the United 
States. By a Traveller. 12mo. pp. 392. 
81 50. New York, 1826. 

■ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Southern Tour, or 
Second Series of the Black Book. 3 vol. 
8vo. pp. 181, 217, and 246. 84 00. 

Washington, 1831. 

ROYALL, MRS. ANNE. Letters from Ala- 
bama, on various subjects ; to which are 
added an Appendix, containing remarks 
on sundry Members of the 20th Congress, 
and other high characters at the Seat of 
Government. 8vo. pp. 238. $2 00. 

Washington, 1830. 

This Amazon would have been more appro- 
priately employed as a. fishmonger in Billings- 
gate Market, or a Meg Mcrrilics heading a 
gang of Gypsie Smugglers, than the author of 
books or editing a neivspaper. She ivas the ter- 
ror of every member of Congress while she re- 
sided at Washington, a.nd in order to propitiate 
her .favor, they one and all promptly subscribed 
for her journal " Paul Pry." 

RUSSELL, n. W. Remarks on the English 
Enlistment Question, with an abstract of 
the correspondence thereon. 8vo, pp. 
103. $1 00. New York, 1856. 

SAINT ANDREW'S SOCIETY, Historical 
Sketch of the, of the State of New 
York, with the constitution and list of 
officers and members since 1756. Cen- 
tennial oration before the Society, on the 
1st December, 1856, by the Rev. John 
Thompson, D. D. 12mo. pp- 120. $1 50. 
New York, 1856. 

SANDYS, GEORGE. Ovid's Metamorposis. 
Englished by G. S. Small folio — en- 
graved title. $5 00. London, 1662. 

This is, perhaps the first attempt at writing 
English poetry in the Ncio TVorld ; at all events 
it is without doubt the first translation of a 
\classic author into the English tongue. Sandys 
ivas colonial secretary for the Virginia Planta- 
tions during the time he made this translation 
of Ovid. In his dedication to Charles ]st, he 
'speaks thus of his performance. " We had 
hoped, ere many years had turned about, to have 
presented you with a rich and well-peopled 
kingdom ; from whence, noiv, xvith myself, I 
only bring this composure: "Inter victrices 
Hederam tibi serpere Laurus." Itneedcth more 
than a single denization, being a double stran- 
ger. Sprung from the stock of ancient Roma- 



Uz 



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OF AMERICAN BOOKS. 



15 



nes, but bred in the New World, of the rude- 
ness whereof it can but participate ; especially 
having wars and tumult to bring it to light in- 
stead of the muses." 

SAVAGE, THE. Bj' Pomengo, a Head man 
and Warrior of the Mnscogulgee nation. 
12ino, pp. 312. $6 00. Pliila. 1813. 

" This stra7ige book is very original, very 
luild, and' very American. It is a periodical 
paper, of which the supposed writer is a native 
American Indian, residing in the city of Phil- 
adelphia. " The good people of this republic," 
it is said, " have long derived amusement from 
the journals of polished travellers through bar- 
barous nations. Let us for once reverse the 
picture, and see what entertainment can be 
drawn from the observations of a savage upon 
the manners and customs, vices and virtues of 
those who boast the advantages of refinement 
and civilization." Such is the design of the 
bock similar in some respects to Goldsmith's 
Citizen of the World, The Turkish Sjyy, The 
Chinese Spy, Persian Letters, Letters of a 
Hindoo Ragce, &c., &c." 

SHECUT, J L. E. W. Medical and Pliilo- 
sopliical Essays containing Topographi- 
cal Historical, and other Sketches of the 
City of Cliarleston ; Easay on the pre- 
vailing fever of 1817 ; Essay on Conta- 
gions and Infections, and an Essay on 
Electric Fluid, &c., the whole of which 
are designed as illustrative of the do- 
mestic origin of the yellow fever of 
Charleston, and as contlucing to the 
formation of a medical history of the 
State of South Carolina. Royal 8vo. 
bds. pp. 262. $2 25. 

Charleston, 1819. 

SHEPARD, THOMAS. The Parable of the 

Ten Virgins opened and applied, being 

the substance of divers sermons on 

Matth. 25, 1-13. Folio, pp. 195. 85 00. 

Cambridge, 1695. 

SHEPARD. The Parable of the Ten Virgins 
opened and applied ; being the substance 
of divers sermon.s on Matth. 25, 1-13. 
Bv Jonathan Mitchell and Thos. Shep- 
ard. 12mo. pp. 635. $1 50. 

Boston, 1852. 

SHEPARD, THOMAS. Meditations and spir- 
itual Experiences of. 12mo. pp. 82. 
$3 00. Very rare. Edinburgh, 1749. 

SHEPARD, THOMAS. The Sincere Con- 
vert : Discovering the small number of 
True Believers, and thegreat difficulty of 
Saving Conversion. Wherein are ex- 
cellently and plainly opened these choice 
and divine principles. 18mo. pp. 238. 
$1 25. London, 1680. 

SHEPARD, THOMAS. Thesis Sabbaticte, or, 
The Doctrine of the Sabbath, wherein 
the Sabbaths, I. Morality, II. Change, 
III. Beginning, IV. Sanctification, are 
clearly discussed, which were first han- 
dled more largelj- in sundry Sermons in 
Cambridge in New England, in opening 
of the fourth commandment. 12mo. pp. 
402. $5 00. London, 1655. 



SIMCOE, COL. J. G. Military Journal. A 
History of the Operations of a Partisan 
Corps, called the Queen's Rangers, com- 
manded by Col. J. G. Simcoe during the 
war of the American Revolution. Illus- 
trated by ten engraved Pians of Actions, 
&c., now fir.st published, with a memoir 
of the Author and other additions. 
Large paper, small folio, pp. 328. Calf 
back and corners. $10. N. York, 1844. 

SMITH, JOHN. The Generall Historic of 
Virginia, New England and the Summer 
Isles, with the names of the Adventurers, 
Planters and Governours from their first 
beginning, Anno, 1584, to this present 
1626. With the Proceedings of those 
severall Colonies and the accidents that 
befell them in ail their journeys and dis- 
coveries. Also the Maps and descrip- 
tions of all those countryes, their com- 
modities, people, government, customes, 
and religion yet knowne. Divided into 
sixe bookes. Folio, pp. 148. Engraved 
Title and one Map. 840. London, 1632. 

SMITH, JOHN AUGUSTINE. Prelections 
on some of the mo.st Important Subjects 
connected with Moral and Physical Sci- 
ence in opposition to Phrenology, Mag- 
netism, Atheism, and the principles ad- 
vanced by the author of the Vestiges of 
Creation. 12mo. pp. 405. Portrait. 
62 00. New York, 1853. 

SMITH, MRS. E. VALE. History of New- 
buryport from the earliest settlement of 
the country to the present time ; a Bio- 
graphical Appendix. 8vo. pp. 414. 2 
portraits and 1 plate. $2 25. 

Newburyport, 1854. 

SMITH, WILLIAM. The History of the 
Province of New York, from the first 
discovery to the year MDCCXXXII. To 
which is annexed a description of the 
country, with a short account of the In- 
habitants, their trade, religious and po- 
litical state, and the constitutions of the 
courts of Justice in that colony. 4to. 
pp. 264 Plate, a view of Oswego on 
lake Ontario. $8 00. London, 1757. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. Ode to a friend on 
our leaving together South Carolina. 
Written in June, 1780. 4to. pp. 15. 
$2 00. London, 1783. 

SPENCER. AMBROSE, Memorials of, Late 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
the State of New York. Consisting of 
proceedings of public bodies and meet- 
ings and of sermons and addresses upon 
the occasion of his death and in illus- 
tration of his life and character. 8vo. 
pp. 104. Portrait. (Privately printed.) 
82 00. Albany, 1849. 

ST. URSULA'S CONVENT, or the nun of 
Canada, containing scenes from real life. 
2 vols, in 1. 12rao. $2 00. 

Kingston, Upper Canada, 1824. 
The first Novel writtin and printed in Can- 
ada. 



STATE RIGHTS CELEBRATION, Proceed- 
ings of the, at Charleston, S. C, July 1st, 
1830, containing the Speeches of Hon. 
Wm. Drayton and Hon. R. Y. Hayne, 
who were the invited guests; also of 
Langdon Cheeves, James Hamilton, Jr., 
and Robert J, Turnbull, Esqs., and re- 
marks of his Honor, the Intendant, H. 
L. Pinckney, to which is added the vol- 
unteer Toasts, given on the occasion. 
l2mo. pp. 56. $2. Charleston, 1830. 
STEDMAN, C, The History of the Origin, 
Progress and Termination of the Ameri- 
can War, by. Who served under Sir 
W. Howe, Sir H. Clinton, and the Mar- 
quis Cornwallis. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 44C- 
528. $6 00. Dublin, 1794. 
STONE, WILLIAM L. Matthias and his Im- 
postures ; or the Progress of Fanaticism 
Illustrated in the Extraordinaiy case of 
Robert Matthews and some of his fore- 
runners and disciples. 18mo. pp. 347. 
$1 50, New York, 1835. 
Matthias may be called the Petit Mahomet 
and this book a second Koran. The narrative 
records the most extraordinary instances of hu- 
man credulity to be found in any age of the 
world. The reader can scarcely avoid the con- 
clusion, that the dupes of this imposter must 
have laboured under a species of insanity before 
becoming his converts, otherwise we can not see 
how they could adopt a creed and sanction 
practices which none, whose understanding is 
not utterly besotted, could for a moment tole- 
rate Western Memorabilia. 

STONE, WILLIAM S. Maria Monk and the 
Nunnery of the Hotel Dieu, being an 
account of a visit to the convents of 
Montreal, and refutation of the "awful 
disclosures," audi alteram partem. 8vo 
pp. 56. $1 00. New York, 1836. 

STONE, WILLIAM L. Uncas and Mianto- 
nomoh ; a historical discourse delivered 
at Norwich, Conu., on the 4th day of 
July, 1842, on the occasion of the erec- 
tion of a monument to the memory of 
Uncas, the white man's friend, and first 
chief of the Mohegans. ISmo. pp. 209. 
$1 00. New York, 1842. 

Col. Stone was at one time (1817 & 18) thecd- 
itor of the Albany Gazette, and for a long time 
afterwards, editor and principal proprietor of 
the New York Commercial Advertiser. He was 
universally looked upon as one of the best of the 
old conservative editors, and his paper for ma- 
ny years had a tvide circulation among the sober, 
staid and peace loving citizens. His opinions, 
as a general thing, were held in high authority 
among his readers ; he also held great sioay 
among the literati of New York and the neigh- 
boring provinces, but in this respect he had a 
higher reputation perhaps than he deserved, 
more especially in the department qf biblio- 
graphy, a field in luhich he ivas ambitious of be- 
ing considered very perfect, but his attainments 
on this subject were quite superficial and inaccu- 
rate as could be easily proved from many of the 
statements he made from time to time through 
his otherwise meritorious journal. He was au- 



thor of a number of books on history, biogra- 
phy, roynance, and 'inisceUany, some of rohich 
still continue to sell, more especially the life of 
Red Jacket and Brant the Indian chief. For 
a complete catalogue of his writings, see Gow- 
an^s Bibliographical Biography. 
Western Memorabilia. 



STROUD, GEORGE M. A Sketch of the 
Laws relating to Slavery in the several 
States of the United States of America. 
Second edition with some alterations and 
considerable additions. 12mo, pp. 300. 
$2 00. Philadelphia, 1856. 

SEYBERT, ADAM. Statistical Annals ; em- 
bracing views of the population, com- 
merce, navigation, fisheries, public lands, 
post offices, revenues, mint, military and 
naval establishments, &c., &c., of the 
United States of America. Founded on 
official documents. 4to. pp. 803. Pub. 
at $15 00— $3 00. Phila., 1818. 

TALBOT, MARY ANN. The Life and sur- 
prising Adventures of. In the name of 
John Taylor. A natural daughter of the 
late Earl Talbot 5 giving a true account 
of her singular adventui-es, the many 
hardships she endured in a variety of 
characters for a number of years, both 
in the land and sea services. Related 
by herself. 12mo. pp. 60. $3 00. Por- 
trait. London, N. D. 
This Jlmazon in her excursions appears to 

have visited both Rhode Island and New York. 

In the former place a young lady fell in love 

with her and would become her or his wife at all 

hazards. 

TAYLOR, JAMES B. Lives of Virginia 

Baptist Ministers. 12mo. pp. 492. 

$1 50. Richmond, 1838. 

This book may be styled the Virginia Baptist 

Biographical Dictionary. It contains not less 

than 118 biographies of the ministers of that 

denomination. 

TAYLOR, JOHN. Tyranny Unmasked. 8vo, 
pp. 349. $2 50. • Washington, 1822. 

THERMOMETRICAL NAVIGATION. Be- 
ing a series of Experiments and Ob- 
servations, tending to prove, that by as- 
certaining the Relative Heat of the Sea 
Water from time to time, the passage of 
a shi}") through the Gulf Stieam, and 
from deep water into soundings, may be 
di.^covered in time to avoid danger, al- 
though (owing to tempestuous weather,) 
it may be impossible to heave the lead 
or observe the heavenly bodies. Ex- 
tracted from the American Philosophil- 
cal Transactions. Vol. 2 and 3, with 
additions and Improvements. 8vo. pr. 
pp. 113. (with map.) 62 00. 

Philadelphia, 1799. 

THOMAS MOORE, ESQ. An attempt to 
vindicate the American Character, being 
principally a reply to the intemperate an- 
imadversions of Thomas Moore, Esq., the 
Irish Poet. 8vo. pp. 43. $1 25. 

Philadelphia, 1806. 



w 



OF AMERICAN BOOKS. 



17 



THOMAS, ISAIAH. The History of Print- 
ing in America; with a biography of 
Printers and an account of newspapers. 
To which is prefixed a concise view of 
the discovery and progress of the art in 
other parts 'of the world. 2 vols. 8vo. 
pp. 487 and 576. A beautiful, clean, 
perfect and very desirable copy. Half 
bound and cornered in calf. $20 00. 

Another copy. 2 vols. 8vo. Sheep. 
$15 00. Worcester, 1810. 

THOMAS, GABRIEL. An Historical and 
Geographical Account of the Province 
and Country of Pennsylvania and of 
West New Jersey, in America ; the rich- 
ness of the soil, the sweetness of the 
situation, the wholesomeness of the air, 
the navigable rivers and others, the pro- 
digious increase of corn, &c., &c. 12nio. 
pp. 100. $1 50. Reprint, New York, 
][g4g London, 1698. 

THOMPSON, CHARLES. The Holy Bible 
containing the Old and New Covenant, 
commonly called the Old and New Tes- 
tament, translated from the Greek. 4 
vols 8vo. Sheep binding. 612 00. 

Philadelphia, 1808. 

Copies of this remarkable version of the Holy 
Scriptuies are now become very scarce. The 
venerable translator was secretary to the Ameri- 
can Congress from 1774 to 1789, and died Au- 
gust 16, 1824! 

TRAIN, GEORGE FRANCIS. Young Ame- 
rica in Wall Street. 12mo. pp. 406. 
$1 25. New York, 1857. 

TRIBUNE CLUB. The. Proceedings of 
1855. Presentation— Anniversary— Din- 
ner. Contains a long poem by Mr. Ot- 
terson. 8vo. pp. 32. 50 cts. 

New York, 1855. 
UNITED STATES. A Summary Review of 
the Laws of the United States of North 
America, the British Provinces and the 
West Indias, with observations, prece- 
dents, &c. By a barrister of the State 
of Virginia. "8vo. pp. 103. 81 25. 

Edinburgh, 1788. 
VON STAEHLIN, J. An Account of the 
New Northern Archipelago, lately discov- 
ered by the Russians in the seas of Kamt- 
schatka and Anadir, translated from the 
German Original, with a colored Map. 
Bvo. Old calf. pp. 138. SI 00. ^ 
London, 1774. 
WALL STREET, or. Ten Minutes before 
Three, a Farce in three parts. 18mo. 
■pp. 34, and otner pamphlets. $1 50. 
^ New York, 1818. 

WALL STREET. Stocks and Stock Jobbing 
in Wall Street, with Sketches of the bro- 
kers and fancy stocks. By a Reformed 
Stock Gambler. 8vo. pp. 40. $2 00. 

New York, 1848. 

WAR, A Complete History of, From the 

Annual Register, of its Rise, Progress and 

Events in Europe, Asia, Africa and Ame- 



^V 



rica. Exhibiting the state of the Belli- 
gerent Powers at the commencement of 
the war ; their interests and objects in its 
continuance ; interspersed with the char- 
acters of the able and disinterested States- 
men, to whose wisdom and integrity, 
and of the Heroes, to whose courage and 
conduct, we are indebted for that na- 
val and military success, which is not 
to be equalled in the Annals of this or 
any other nation. 8vo. pp. 627. Plates 
on a fine view of the town and fortifica- 
tion of Montreal, in Canada. $3 00. 

Dublin, 1774. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE. Diary of; from 
the first day of October 1789, to the 
tenth day of March, 1790, from the 
original manuscript, now first printed. 
8vo. pp. 89. Uncut. $5 00. Only 100 
copies printed. New York, 1858. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE, Life of, by John 
Marshall (Chief Justice of the United 
States, 5 vols. 4to. Portrait and Mili- 
tary Plans. $20 00. London, 1804. 
the Same Work. 5 vols. 8vo. bds. 
uncut. A very fine copy. $13 00. 

London, 1804. 

WEBSTER, M. H. A catalogue of the mine- 
rals which have been discovered in the 
State of New York, arranged under the 
heads of the respective counties and 
towns in which they are found. 18mo. 
pp. 32. $1 00. Albany, 1824. 

WEBSTER, NOAH. Effects of Slavery on 

Morals and Industry. 8vo. pp. 56. $1. 

Hartford, 1793. 

WEBSTER, NOAH. A Compendious Dic- 
tionary of the English Language. In 
which five thousand words are added to 
the number found in the best English 
compends ; the orthography is, in some 
instances corrected ; the pronunciation 
marked by an accent or other suitable 
direction ; and the definitions of many 
words amended and improved : to which 
are added for the benefit of the merchant, 
the student and the traveller. 12mo. 
pp. 431. $5 00. Hartford, 1806. 
This is the nucleus of the now famous Web- 
ster Dictionary. It has become very rare. This 
copy is in fine, clean and perfect condition. 
WHITEFIELD, GEORGE. A Journal of a 
Voyage from Gibralter to Georgia, con- 
taining many curious observations and 
edifying reflections, on the several oc- 
currences that happened in the voyage, 
pp. 34. London, 1738. 
To which is added a journal of a voy- 
age from London to Savannah, in Geor- 
gia. In two parts. Part I. from London 
to Gibralter. Part II. from Gibralter to 
Savannah. By George Whitefield. ^pp. 
5g London, 1738. 
Also remarks on the Rev. Mr. White- 
field's Journal, wherein his many incon- 
=ag 



w 



-m 



18 



GOWANS CATALOGUE 



sisteucies are pointed out, and his tenets 
considered, pp. 32. London, ]Nf. D. 

Twell, on the Demoniacs of tlie New- 
Testament, proving that they were fallen 
angels. Peculiar Thoughts in the Man- 
ner of Mons. Pascal, with divers other 
curious pamphlets. 8vo. calf. $3 50. 
Loudon, V. D. 

WHITTLESEY, CHARLES. Fugitive Es- 
says upon interesting and useful sub- 
jects, relating to the early history of Ohio, 
its geology and agriculture, with a hio- 
grajihy of the first successful constructor 
of steam ; a dissertation upon the an- 
tiquity of the material universe, &c., &c. 
12mo. pp. 397. $1 25. 

Hudson, Ohio, 1852. 

WILLIAMS, ROGER. A Key into the Lan- 
guage of America, or an help to the 
language of the natives in that part of 
America called New England ; together 
with briefe observations of the cus- 
tomes, manners, and worships, &c., of 
the aforesaid natives in, peace and warre, 
in life and death. On all which are ad- 
ded, spiritual observations generall and 
particular, by the author, of chiefe 
and speciall use (upon all occasions) to 
all the English inhabiting those parts ; 
yet pleasant and profitable to the view 
of all men. Bvo. pji. 165. uncut $5 00. 
London, 1643. reprint. Providence, 1827. 

WILLIAMSON, PASSMORE Case of. Re- 
port of the proceedings on the writ of 
Habeas Corpus, issued by Hon. John K. 
Kane, in the case of the United States of 
America, ex rel. John H. Wheeler vs. 
Passmore Williamson, including several 
opinions delivered, &c. 8vo. pp. 191. 
$2 00. Philadelphia, 1856. 

WILSON, ALEXANDER, American Orni- 
thology, or the Natural History of the 
Birds of the U. S., illustrated with plates 
engraved and colored from original draw- 
ings taken from Nature. Vols. 2, 3, 4, 
5, 6, 7, and 9. 6 vols, folio, with 48 
plates. Original edition. $25 00. 

Philadelphia, 1810-14. 

WILSON, JAMES. An Introductory Lec- 
ture to a Course of Law Lectures. To 
which is added a plan of the Lectures. 
8vo. pr. pp. 96. $1 00. 

Philadelphia, 1791. 

WISCONSIN. First Annual Report and col- 
lections of the State Historical Society, 
of. For the year 1854. Bvo. pp. 160, 
$1 25. Madison, 1855. 



WISE, JOHN. A vindication of the Gov- 
ernment of New England Churches. 
Drawn from antiquity, the light of na- 
ture, Holy h^cripture, its noble nature, 
and from the dignity Divine Providence 
has put upon it. 12ino. $3 00. 

Boston, 1772. 
WOLLEY, EDWARD, D. D. Loyalty among 
Rebels ; the True Royalist, or Hushay 
the Archite, a happy counsellor in King 
David's greatest danger. To which is 
added a parallel between Charles II., 
King of England, and Lewis the IV., the 
French King. 18mo. pp. 180. $5 50. 
London, 1662. 
WOOLEY, CHARLES. A Two Years Jour- 
nal in New York ; and parts of its Terri- 
tories in America. By C. W. ISrao. 
pp. 104. $63 00. London, 1701. 

"This is one of the very scarcest books ivrittcn 
in and relating to Ncio York in colonial times. 
It ivas produced by the author while a resident 
on the Island of Manhattan, in the capacity of 
a chaplain to the troops then occupying the fort 
situated on the extreme southern point of the 
Island, known now as the Battery . I have heard 
of no copy being in the possession of any of the 
veteran collectors of rare American books on 
this continent, with the exception of one in the 
extensive collection of John Carter Brotvn, Esq., 
of Providence, Rhode Island," 

WOOLEY, CHARLES. A Two years Jour- 
nal in New York ; and parts of its Terri- 
tories in America. A new edition with 
copious historical and biographical notes 
by E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D. Bvo. cloth 
to match Denton's New Netherlands. 
$2 00. New York, 1860. 

WOOLEY, CHARLES. The same as above, 
large paper. 4to. cloth. Only a few 
printed. $5 00. New York, 1860. 

WRIGHT, FRANCES. {Mad. D'Arusmont.) 
Biography, notes and political letters of 
Frances Wright D\/lrusmont. From the 
first British Edition. 12mo. pp. 48. 

New York, 1844. 
Published by John Windt. 

ZANGER, JOHN PETER. A brief narrative 
of the Case and Trial of John P. Zangi^r, 
Printer of the New York Weekly Jour- 
nal for a Libel. 4to. pp. 5i>. Uncut. 
$2 00. New York, 1770. 

ZARATE, D'AUGUSTIN DE. HLstoire de la 
De Couverte et de la conquete du Perou, 
illustrated with map and plates. 2 vols. 
12mo.. calf. pp. 398, 482. $5 00. 

Paris, 1742. 



:^ 



AMERICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

ALIBONE, S. AUSTIN. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and 
American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the earliest account to the middle of the 
Nineteenth Century. Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices 
with Forty Indexes of Subjects. 2 vols. Royal 8vo. Pages al>out 20UO. $10. 

Philadelphia, 1859-60. 
BURCH, SAMUEL. General Index to the Laws of the United States of America, from 
March 4th, 1789 to March 3d, 1827. Includng all Treaties entered into Letweeu those 
periods. 8vo. pp. 331. $2 00. Wasliington, 1828. 

CHARACTER of Law Books and Judges With Remarks on the Utility of Collecting. 8vo. 
pp. 6G. See The American Jurist, July. 1834. ' Boston, 1334. 

DECANVER, H. C. Pseud. Catalogue of Works in Refutation of Methodism, from its 
origin in 1729, to the present time; of those by Methodist authors on lay representa- 
tion, Methodist episcopacy, etc., etc., and of the political pamphlets relating to Wes- 
ley's " Calm Address to the American Colonies:" (C. H. Cavender). 8vo. pp. 54. 

Philadelphia, 1846. 

DICKINS' ASBURY. A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States 
of America, from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1851. With references to the Edition of 
the Laws Published by Bioren and Duane, and of the Statutes at Large, Published by 
Little and Brown, under the Authority of Congress. Royal 8vo. pp. 747. $5 oO. 

Boston, 1856. 

GENERAL INDEX To the Laws of the State of New York, from 1777 to 1850. 8vo. 
pp. 665. 82 on. Law binding. New York, 1850. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. American Bibliograi^hical Biography. Being a Catalogue of all 
the Books written by American Authors, or those who have resided in America, with 
their size, number of pages, if illustrated by engravings or maps, wlien and where 
printed ; with a short biograjjliical sketch of each author. 6 vol. 4to. ( In manu- 
script.) NewYork, N. D. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have been written on Pas- 
toial Care and Ministerial Duties. 12mo. (In manuscript.) New York. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books on Freemasonry and Kindred Subjects. 12mo. 
pp. 59. $1 25. New York, 1858. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have been written on the 
History, Culture, Use, Abuse and Influence of Tobacco, from its discovery, by Euro- 
peans, to the present time. 12mo. (In manuscript.) New York, N. D. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the books known to have been written on the 
Theory and Practice of Dancing. (In manuscript.) New York, N. D. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books of Proverbs, Sayings, Maxims, Apophthegms, 
Adages and Similitudes. By Ancients, Intermediates and Moderns. 12mo. pp. 16. 

New York, 1853. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of all the Books by various authors on the subject 
of the Lnmortality of the Soul. 12mo. pp. 22. New York 1853. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of the Scottish Poets and Poetry. 12mo. pp! 24. 

New York, 1852. 

GOWANS, WILLIAM. A Catalogue of Books on the Evidence of Revealed Religion. By 
the mo.st Eminent Authors. 12mo. pp. 30. New York, 1853. 

GUILD, REUBEN A. The Librarian's Manual ; A Treatise on Bibliography, comprising a 
select and descriptive list of Bibliographical Works ; to which are added Sketches of 
Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings. 4to. pp. 314. $5. New York, 1858. 

HAYNKS, THOMAS WILSON. Baptist Cycloppedia; or Dictionary of Baptist Biography^ 
Bibliography, Antiquities, History, Chronology, Theology, Poetry and Literature ; to 
which is added a list of the Baptist Churches in England and America. 3 Portraits. 
Royal 8vo. pp. 323. vol. I all published. $1 50. Charleston, S. C, 1848. 

JEWETT, CHARLES C. Notices of Public Libraries in the United States of America. 
Being an Apjiendix to the Fourth of the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo. pp. 207. 

Washington, 1851. 

LA ROCHE, R., M. D Bibliography of Yellow Fever. 8vo. pp. 60. Philadelphia, 1855. 
This bibliography was prepared as a pendant to the author'' s celebrated treatise on Yellow Fever. 

He had intended to have had a small edition printed separately at the same time that the treatise 

was printed, but unfortunately, before he had informed the printer of his intentions, the type had 

gone into pi, thereby verifying the old adage ^^for ivant of a nail, the horse ivas lost.'^ 

LIST OF MAPS and Memoirs on the Geology of North America, forming part of Jules 
Marcou's Geology of North America. 4to. pp. 22. Zurich, 1858. 



LUDEWIGr, HERMANN E. The Literature of American Local History ; a Bibliographioal 

Essay. 8vo. pp. 180. $6 00. 
This book possesses very considerable merit, as ncll for its accurao) as for its intrinsic ivorth as 
an Index to ^mtrican Local History. The diligent and conscientious author copied evei-y title 
from the respective books themselves, and not from catalogues, as is too frequently the case in 
making such compilation, except in a few cases ivhcre he had titles sent to him by his book-loving 
friends throughout the states, whose accuracy and taste he could depend, upon. It is the first and 
so far the only bibliography of the kind, relating to this subject. It was privately printed, and 
immediately on its appearance, distributed by its generous author among his friends in America 
and Europe. 

He had contemplated a second and enlarged edition, and, indeed, had made considerable progress 
in collecting material for that purpose, ichen, alas, alas, the grim messenger put a sudden stop to 
his noble enterprise, an event, the knowledge of which, filled every one who had the happiness to 
know him, with deep regret at losing such a valuable member of society. — Western Meruorabilia. 
LUDEWIG, HERMANN E. Th^ Literature of American Aboriginal Languages, with Ad- 
ditions and Corrections by WiUiani W. Turner. Edited by Nicholas Trubner. 8vo. 
pp. 283. $3 00. London, 1858. 

MARVIN J. G. Legal Bibliography ; or a Thesaurus of American, Eng-lisli, Irisli and 
Scotch law books, together with some continental treatises ; interspersed with some 
critical observations upon their various editions and authority. To which is added a 
copious list of abbreviations. 8vo. pp. 800. 86 50. Philadelphia, 1847. 

NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY. Catalogue of the Books on Bibliography and Engrav- 
ings in the New York State Library. Svo. pp. 143. Albany, 1858. 
NORTON, CHARLES B. Literary Register, or Annual Book List for 1856. A Catalogue of 
Books, including New Editions and Reprints published in the United States, during the 
yaar 1855. Containing Titles, Number of Pages, Prices and Name of Publishers, with 
an Index of the Subjects. 8vo. pp. 138. New York, 1856. 
This was originally intended to be an annual publication. 
O'CALLAGHAN, E. B. A list of various editions of the Holy Scriptures, and parts thereof, 
printed in the United States previous to 1860 : to which is ai:)pended a list of the 
earlier American editions of the Psalms in ]\Ietre, with an introduction and biblio- 
graphical notes, by E. B. O'Callaghan. Royal 8vo. Albany, 1860. 
POOLE, WILLIAM FRED. An Index to Periodical Literature. Royal Svo. pp. 533. $2 50. 
Published at $7 00. New York, 1853. 
The above is a very full and carefully prepared index of all the subjects treated of in not less 
than seventy-three of the most popular periodicals published during the present century, in Great 
Britain and the United States of North America. It will be found to be an immense labor- 
saving machine to any person having cause to investigate these store-houses of intellectual riches; 
the product of the most gifted minds that have appeared on the stage of human action and mental 
effort, during the last sixty years. 

PRINCE, BENJAMIN. A Catalogue of Works Relating to Sound, Arranged Chronologi- 
cally under each subject. 8vo. pp. 56. Boston, 1836. 
This bibliograhy is made a pendant to the author'' s treatise on sound, never having appeared 
otherwise. 

PURPLE, SAMUEL, M. D. Bibliotheoa Medica. A Bibliographical Account of the Medi- 
cal Periodicil Literature of the United States. Svo. (In manuscript.) New York, 1860. 
RHEES, WILLIAM I. Manual of Public Libraries, Institutions and Societies in the United 
States, and British Provinces of North America. Svo. pp. 715. $4. Phila., 1859. 
REES, JAMES. The Dramatic Attthors of America. 12mo. pp.144. $1. Phila., 1845. 
ROORBACH, 0. A. Bibliotheca Americana. Catalogue of American Publications, includ- 
ing Reprints and origmal Works from 1820 to 1852, inclusive, together with a list of 
Periodicals Published in the United States. Svo. pp.673. $5. New York, 1S52. 
ROORBACH, 0. A. Supplement to the Bibliotheca Americana. A Catalogue of American 
Publications, Reprints and Original Works, from October, 1852, to May, 1855. In- 
cluding, also, a repetition of .such books as have either changed prices or publishers 
during that period. Svo. pp. 227. $3 00. New York, 1855. 

SHEA, JOHN GILMARY. A Bibliographical Account of Catholic Bibles, Testaments and 
other portions of the Scriptures, Translated from the Latin Vulgate, and printed in 
the United States. 12mo. pp. 48. $1 25. New York, 1859. 

The first biblio'^raphy of the kind published in the United States of North America. 
WILLES, WILLIAM. A Descriptive Catalogue of Books and Pamphlets Relating to the 
State of Maine, or portions of it. pp. 20. Small 4to. New York, 1859. 

C. B. Norton intends to publish, in future Nos. of his Literary Letter, the Bibliography of 
each separate State. 



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